Vichy France
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Vichy France was a German-controlled French government that governed southern France and French colonies from 1940 to 1944 during World War II. It matters because it represents a controversial period when France collaborated with Nazi Germany rather than continuing to resist the occupation.
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Paris remained the de jure capital of the French State, although the Vichy government never operated from there. Although the French Republic's institutions were officially maintained, the word "Republic" never occurred in any official document of the Vichy government.
Middle Ages