Thin film deposition

thumb|right|Aerosol of microscopic water droplets suspended in the air above a cup of hot tea after the water vapor has sufficiently cooled and condensed. Water vapor is an invisible gas, but the clouds of condensed droplets refract and scatter the sunlight and are thus visible. thumb|Droplets of water vapor in a pan. thumb|right|280px|Demonstration of evaporative cooling. When the sensor is dipped in ethanol and then taken out to evaporate, the instrument shows progressively lower temperature as the ethanol evaporates. thumb|Rain evaporating after falling on hot pavement

process used to make thin films for semiconductors or surface coating

Epitaxy (prefix epi- means "on top of") is a type of crystal growth or material deposition in which new crystalline layers are formed with one or more well-defined orientations with respect to the crystalline seed layer. The deposited crystalline film is called an epitaxial film or epitaxial layer. The relative orientation(s) of the epitaxial layer to the seed layer is defined in terms of the orientation of the crystal lattice of each material. For most epitaxial growths, the new layer is usually crystalline and each crystallographic domain of the overlayer must have a well-defined orientation

condensation of monomers or oligomers dispersed in a colloidal solution (sol) into a biphasic aqueous polymeric network (gel)

thumb|250px|A commercial AJA Orion sputtering system at Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility thumb|Ion thruster operating on iodine (yellow) using a xenon (blue) hollow cathode. High-energy ions emitted from Spacecraft electric propulsion|plasma thrusters sputter material off the surrounding test chamber, causing problems for ground testing of high-power thrusters. In physics, sputtering is a phenomenon in which microscopic particles of a solid material are ejected from its surface, after the material is itself bombarded by energetic particles of a plasma or gas. It occurs natural

term in physics

thumb|A worker Pickling (metal)|pickling tin in a tin factory in South Wales during World War I thumb|A worker removes tin plates from an annealing stand in a South Wales factory during World War I Tinplate consists of sheets of steel coated with a thin layer of tin to impede rusting. Before the advent of cheap mild steel, the backing metal (known as "") was wrought iron. While once more widely used, the primary use of tinplate now is the manufacture of tin cans.

right|thumb|Tin layer on the inside of a tin can Tinning is the process of thinly coating sheets of wrought iron or steel with tin, and the resulting product is known as tinplate. The term is also widely used for the different process of coating a metal with solder before soldering.

materials processing technology

epitaxy method for thin-film deposition of single crystals

thumb|Barel plating method(Japan) Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface. Plating has been done for hundreds of years; it is also critical for modern technology. Plating is used to decorate objects, for corrosion inhibition, to improve solderability, to harden, to improve wearability, to reduce friction, to improve paint adhesion, to alter conductivity, to improve IR reflectivity, for radiation shielding, and for other purposes. Jewelry typically uses plating to give a silver or gold finish.

method of producing thin films (polycrystalline and single crystal)

device

Thin-film deposition technique

Industrial procedure

method of thin film application

class of amorphous carbon material

Ultra thin coating process

[[File:Dip coating.svg|thumb|A schematic of the continuous dip coating process.

physical vapor deposition technique using a high-power pulsed laser beam in a vacuum chamber

type of physical vapor deposition technique

beam of charged atoms (ions)

deposition

Thermal barrier coating

Physical Vapor Deposition

chemical process

materials engineering technique

unit of exposure of an adsorbate/gas to a substrate used in surface science to study adsorption

integrated circuits manufacturing process

Method of coating application

science platform carried on three Space Shuttle missions