1st millennium
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The 1st millennium is the 1,000-year period from the year 1 to 1000 AD, during which major civilizations like the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, and early Islamic empires rose and fell, shaping the foundation of modern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. This era matters because it saw the spread of Christianity and Islam, the development of key technologies and institutions, and the movement of peoples that established many of the cultural and religious divisions we see in the world today.
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From top left, clockwise: Depiction of Jesus, the central figure in Christianity; The Colosseum, a landmark of the once-mighty Roman Empire; Kaaba, the Great Mosque of Mecca, the holiest site of Islam; Chess, a new board game, becomes popular around the globe; The Western Roman Empire falls, ushering in the Early Middle Ages; The skeletal remains of a young woman, known as the "ring lady", killed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79; Attila the Hun, leader of the Hunnic Empire, which takes most of Eastern Europe (Background: Reproduction of ancient mural from Teotihuacan, National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City) Map of the world in 1 AD, at the beginning of the new millennium.
The 1st millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD 1721425.5 – 2086667.5). The world population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.