Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Islamic ruler who led the Umayyad caliphate, one of Islam's earliest and largest empires, from 685 until his death in 705. He matters historically because he ruled during a crucial period of consolidation and expansion that helped shape the early Islamic world and established lasting administrative practices.
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HouseMarwanid DynastyUmayyad FatherMarwan I MotherA'isha bint Mu'awiya ReligionIslam
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705), was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705. A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in Medina was occupied with religious pursuits. He held administrative and military posts under Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, and his own father, Caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685). By the time of Abd al-Malik's accession, Umayyad authority had collapsed across the Caliphate as a result of the Second Fitna and had been reconstituted in Syria and Egypt during his father's reign.
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