caliphate
Sign in to saveA caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
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A caliphate is an Islamic government led by a caliph, a political and religious leader considered to be Muhammad's successor and the head of all Muslims worldwide. Historically, caliphates grew into large, multi-ethnic empires that spanned multiple nations and were organized around Islamic principles.
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54 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- History
- Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
- Succession to Muhammad
- Rashidun caliphs
- Ali's caliphate, Hasan and the rise of the Umayyads
- Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
- Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517)
- Abbasid caliphs at Baghdad
- Under the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo (1261–1517)
- Parallel regional caliphates in the later Abbasid era
- Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031)
- Almohad Caliphate (1147–1269)
- Hafsid Caliphate (1253–1574)
- Fatimid Caliphate (909–1171)
- Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1924)
- Abolition of the Caliphate (1924)
- Khilafat Movement (1919–1924)
- Parallel regional caliphates to the Ottomans
- Indian subcontinent
- West Africa
- Yogyakarta Caliphate (1755–2015)
- Moroccan Caliphate
- Sharifian Caliphate (1924–1931)
- Non-political caliphates
- Sufi caliphates
- Ahmadiyya Caliphate (1908–present)
- Period of dormancy
- Abu Issa caliphate (1993 – c. 2014)
- Islamic State (2014–present)
- Ahmadiyya view
- Islamist call
- Al-Qaeda's caliphate goals
- Opposition
- Religious basis
- Quran
- ''Hadith''
- Prophesied caliphate of the Mahdi
- The ''Sahaba'' of Muhammad
- Views of Islamic theologians
- Government
- Electing or appointing a caliph
- Sunni belief
- Shia belief
- ''Majlis al-Shura''
- Accountability of rulers
- Rule of law
- Economy
- See also
- References
- Citations
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman Caliphate was formally abolished as part of the 1924 secularisation of Turkey. The Sharif of Mecca then claimed the title, but this caliphate fell quickly after its conquest by the Sultanate of Nejd (the predecessor of modern-day Saudi Arabia), leaving the claim in dormancy. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all of which were hereditary monarchies, have claimed to be caliphates.