AI overview
Amanita phalloides is a highly poisonous mushroom species that contains toxins capable of causing severe illness or death in humans who consume it. It matters because it is one of the most dangerous fungi in the world, and accidental ingestion poses a serious public health concern.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
SPECIES
- KingdomFungi
- PhylumBasidiomycota
- ClassAgaricomycetes
- OrderAgaricales
- FamilyAmanitaceae
Habitatmarine
毒鵝膏，包括东亚的黃蓋毒鵝膏菌（拉丁學名：Amanita subjunquillea）的和欧洲的黃綠毒鵝膏菌（拉丁學名：Amanita phalloides），為两種具有极近亲缘关系、外表无法区分的劇毒擔子類真菌，鵝膏菌屬劇毒鵝膏節的成員。毒鵝膏廣泛分布在亚欧大陆，並且以菌根型式共生於落葉性喬木。在某些案例中，毒鵝膏會因種植如橡樹、栗樹和松樹的非本土樹種，而意外散播到新的環境中。大型的植物部分（子實體）在夏季和秋季出現；菌傘一般呈現綠色，並且有白色的菌柄和菌褶。 目前一致認為，這種毒菇會被誤認為數種可食用種類（尤其像草菇）而被人類食用，因而導致意外中毒的比例上升。毒鵝膏是已知的毒菇中最毒的一種菇類。這種菇類在人類因毒菇中毒而死亡的比例中，超過了半數，並且有可能是羅馬皇帝克勞狄烏斯和神聖羅馬帝國皇帝查爾斯六世的死因。毒鵝膏成為眾多研究的主題，而且其生物學上的活性物質也被分離出來。主要的毒性物質為α-鵝膏蕈鹼，通常主要會對肝臟和腎臟造成致命傷害，目前並沒有發現任何明確的解毒劑。
via GBIF
Article
Amanita phalloides (/ˌæməˈnaɪtə fəˈlɔɪdiːz/ AM-ə-NY-tə fə-LOY-deez), commonly known as the death cap, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus and mushroom, one of many in the genus Amanita. Originating in Europe but later introduced to other parts of the world since the late twentieth century, A. phalloides forms ectomycorrhizas with various broadleaved trees. In some cases, the death cap has been introduced to new regions with the cultivation of non-native species of oak, chestnut, and pine. The large fruiting bodies appear in summer and autumn; the caps are generally greenish in colour with a white stipe and gills. The cap colour is variable, including white forms, and is thus not a reliable identifier.
The death cap resembles several edible species (most notably Caesar's mushroom and the straw mushroom) commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning. Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat and cold, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking nor freezing.