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ambigram
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thumb|Animation of a half-turn ambigram of the word ambigram, with 180-degree rotational symmetry An ambigram is a calligraphic composition of glyphs (letters, numbers, symbols or other shapes) that can yield different meanings depending on the orientation of observation. Most ambigrams are visual palindromes that rely on some kind of symmetry, and they can often be interpreted as visual puns. Although the concept is older, the term "ambigram" was coined by Douglas Hofstadter in 1983–1984.

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~55 min read

Article

59 sections
Contents
  • Etymology
  • History
  • Characteristics
  • Natural ambigrams
  • Single word or several words
  • Single
  • Several
  • Types
  • 180° rotational
  • Reflection
  • Vertical axis
  • Horizontal axis
  • Figure-ground
  • Tessellations
  • Chain
  • Spinonyms
  • Perceptual shift
  • 90° rotational
  • Totem
  • Fractal
  • 3-dimensional
  • Complex
  • Other glyphs
  • Symbols
  • Languages
  • Numbers
  • Other uses
  • Fields
  • Art
  • Calligraphy and typography
  • Logos
  • Visual communication
  • Comics
  • Drawings and paintings
  • Sculptures
  • Tattoos
  • Literature
  • Palindromes
  • Calligrams
  • Semantics
  • Mathematics
  • Psychology
  • Duality and analogy
  • Magic
  • Manufacturing
  • Clothing and fashion
  • Accessories
  • Creation
  • Handmade designs
  • Generators
  • Artists
  • Douglas Hofstadter
  • John Langdon
  • Scott Kim
  • Other
  • References
  • Bibliography
  • Further reading
  • External links

thumb|Animation of a half-turn ambigram of the word ambigram, with 180-degree rotational symmetry An ambigram is a calligraphic composition of glyphs (letters, numbers, symbols or other shapes) that can yield different meanings depending on the orientation of observation. Most ambigrams are visual palindromes that rely on some kind of symmetry, and they can often be interpreted as visual puns. Although the concept is older, the term "ambigram" was coined by Douglas Hofstadter in 1983–1984.

Most often, ambigrams appear as visually symmetrical words. When flipped, they remain unchanged, or they mutate to reveal another meaning. "Half-turn" ambigrams undergo a point reflection (180-degree rotational symmetry) and can be read upside down (for example, the word "swims"), while mirror ambigrams have axial symmetry and can be read through a reflective surface like a mirror. Many other types of ambigrams exist.

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