Champa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832.
Champa was a series of independent kingdoms ruled by the Cham people that occupied the central and southern coast of what is now Vietnam, lasting from around the 2nd century AD until 1832. It matters as a significant historical civilization that shaped the region's cultural, political, and territorial development for over 1,600 years.
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Champa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD until 1832.
According to earliest historical references found in ancient sources, the first Cham polities were established around the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD, in the wake of Khu Liên's rebellion against the rule of China's Eastern Han dynasty, and lasted until when the final remaining principality of Champa was annexed by Emperor Minh Mạng of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty as part of the expansionist Nam tiến policy. The kingdom was known variously as Nagaracampa (), Champa (ꨌꩌꨛꨩ) in modern Cham, and Châmpa () in the Khmer inscriptions, Chiêm Thành in Vietnamese, Campa in Malay, Zhànchéng (Mandarin: 占城) in Chinese records, and al-Ṣanf (Arabic: صَنْف) in Middle Eastern Muslim records.
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