cobalt

Also known as Co, element 27, ₂₇Co

Cobalt is a chemical element; it has symbol Co and atomic number 27. As with nickel, cobalt is found in the Earth's crust only in a chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, somewhat brittle, gray metal.

OverviewAI-generated

Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. It has a mass of 58.933194 and an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s². The element exhibits oxidation states of -1, 1, 2, and 3. Its electronegativity is 1.88, and its ionic radius is 0.90.

The substance has a density of 8.92, a melting point of 2719, and a boiling point of 5612. Its vapor pressure is 0. Cobalt was discovered in 1735. It is referenced by 2,397 other encyclopedia articles. The Unicode character for the element is 鈷.

Synthesized by Vinony from 32 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Co
Molecular weight: 58.93319 g/mol
IUPAC name: cobalt
SMILES: [Co]
InChIKey: GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

75,136 papers

Cobalt.ReviewJournal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology · 1999Barceloux DGDOI: 10.1081/clt-100102420
Intolerability of cobalt salt as erythropoietic agent.ReviewDrug testing and analysis · 2014Ebert B, Jelkmann WDOI: 10.1002/dta.1528
Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of cobalt metal and cobalt compounds.ReviewMutation research · 1990Léonard A, Lauwerys RDOI: 10.1016/0165-1110(90)90029-b
Bioelution, Bioavailability, and Toxicity of Cobalt Compounds Correlate.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2020Danzeisen R, Williams DL, Viegas V et al.DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz249
Cobalt-substituted cytochrome P-450cam.The Journal of biological chemistry · 1981Wagner GC, Gunsalus IC, Wang MY et al.
Cobalt-substituted horseradish peroxidase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 1977Wang MY, Hoffman BM, Hollenberg PF
Clustered Cobalt Nanodots Initiate Ferroptosis by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase 1 for Radiotherapy Sensitization.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2023Zhao J, Chen Y, Xiong T et al.DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206415
Cobalt and possible oxidant-mediated toxicity.The Science of the total environment · 1994Nemery B, Lewis CP, Demedts MDOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90129-5

via PubMed

~44 min read

Encyclopedic overview

33 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Compounds
Oxygen and chalcogen compounds
Halides
Coordination compounds
Organometallic compounds
Isotopes
Etymology
Alternate theories
History
Occurrence
Production
Extraction
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Labor conditions
Canada
Cuba
Indonesia
Applications
Alloys
Batteries
Catalysts
Pigments and coloring
Radioisotopes
Magnetic materials
Other uses
Biological role
Cobalt deficiency
Health issues
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since antiquity for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass. The color was long thought to be due to the metal bismuth. Miners had long used the name kobold ore (German for goblin ore) for some of the blue pigment-producing minerals. They were so named because they were poor in known metals and gave off poisonous arsenic-containing fumes when smelted. In 1735, such ores were found to be reducible to a new metal (the first discovered since ancient times), which was ultimately named for the kobold.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “cobalt” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.