cryogenics
Sign in to savethumb|Liquid nitrogen|Nitrogen is a liquid under . In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.
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Cryogenics is the field of physics that studies how to produce and work with materials at extremely cold temperatures, like when nitrogen becomes liquid. This matters because materials behave very differently at these ultra-low temperatures, which has practical applications in various scientific and industrial fields.
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Article
18 sectionsContents
- Definitions and distinctions
- Cryogenics
- Cryobiology
- Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources
- Cryosurgery
- Cryoelectronics
- Cryonics
- Etymology
- Cryogenic fluids
- Industrial applications
- Cryogenic processing
- Fuels
- Other applications
- Production
- Detectors
- See also
- References
- Further reading
thumb|Liquid nitrogen|Nitrogen is a liquid under . In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.
The 13th International Institute of Refrigeration's (IIR) International Congress of Refrigeration (held in Washington, DC in 1971) endorsed a universal definition of "cryogenics" and "cryogenic" by accepting a threshold of 120 K (−153.15 °C) to distinguish these terms from conventional refrigeration. This is a logical dividing line, since the normal boiling points of the so-called permanent gases (such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and normal air) lie below 120 K, while the Freon refrigerants, hydrocarbons, and other common refrigerants have boiling points above 120 K.