neon

Also known as Ne, element 10, ₁₀Ne

Neon is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ne and the atomic number 10. It is the second noble gas in the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of air.

OverviewAI-generated

Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. Its standard molar entropy is 146.2, and its mass is 20.1797. The element has a density of 1.444 and a speed of sound of 435. It was discovered in 1898.

The melting point of neon is -248.6, and its boiling point is -246.0. Its electron configuration is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, or [He] 2s² 2p⁶. The canonical SMILES representation is [Ne], and the Unicode character is 氖.

In chemical databases, neon is identified by CID 23935 and InChIKey GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N. It has a molecular weight of 20.180 and a topological polar surface area of 0. It has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, with a charge of 0. References to neon appear in 4649 PubMed articles and are cited by 850 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 27 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Ne
Molecular weight: 20.18 g/mol
IUPAC name: neon
SMILES: [Ne]
InChIKey: GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

4,649 papers

Neon ion radiotherapy: physics and biology.ReviewPhysics in medicine and biology · 2026Mein S, Masuda T, Kasamatsu K et al.DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae22b7
Neon neurons.Neurology · 2013Sanchez-Ramos JZDOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182918d16
Neon ion ((20) Ne(10) (+) ) charged particle beams manipulate rapid tumor reoxygenation in syngeneic mouse models.Cancer science · 2024Imaizumi A, Hirayama R, Ikoma Y et al.DOI: 10.1111/cas.16017
PPARα mediates night neon light-induced weight gain: role of lipid homeostasis.Theranostics · 2020Luo Y, Yang J, Kang J et al.DOI: 10.7150/thno.50953
Neon ion radiotherapy: results of the phase I/II clinical trial.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 1991Linstadt DE, Castro JR, Phillips TLDOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(91)90020-5
Statistical analysis plans for two randomised controlled trials of the Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) Intervention: impact of receiving recorded mental health recovery narratives on quality of life in people experiencing psychosis (NEON) and people experiencing non-psychosis mental health problems (NEON-O).Trials · 2023Robinson C, Newby C, Rennick-Egglestone S et al.DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07246-8
[The pharmacology of the rare gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon)].ReviewActualites pharmacologiques · 1974Featherstone RM, Settle W
[The He/Neon soft-laser in the treatment of decubitus ulcer].ReviewMinerva chirurgica · 1988Ceschino M, Enrichens F, Olivero G

via PubMed

~16 min read

Encyclopedic overview

12 sections

Contents

History
Isotopes
Characteristics
Occurrence
Chemistry
Production
2022 shortage
Applications
Lighting and signage
Other
References
External links

Neon was discovered in 1898 alongside krypton and xenon, identified as one of the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide. Its discovery was marked by the distinctive bright red emission spectrum it exhibited, leading to its immediate recognition as a new element. The name neon originates from the Greek word , a neuter singular form of (), meaning 'new'. Neon is a chemically inert gas; although neon compounds do exist, they are primarily ionic molecules or fragile molecules held together by van der Waals forces.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “neon” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.