functional analysis
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Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics that studies spaces containing infinitely many dimensions, typically spaces made up of functions rather than just numbers or points. It matters because many real-world problems in physics, engineering, and other sciences naturally involve working with infinite collections of quantities, making the tools from functional analysis essential for understanding and solving these complex systems.
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One of the possible modes of vibration of a circular membrane. These modes are eigenfunctions of a linear operator on a function space, a common construction in functional analysis.
Functional analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, the core of which is formed by the study of vector spaces endowed with some kind of limit-related structure (for example, inner product, norm, or topology) and the linear functions defined on these spaces and suitably respecting these structures. The historical roots of functional analysis lie in the study of spaces of functions and the formulation of properties of transformations of functions such as the Fourier transform as transformations defining, for example, continuous or unitary operators between function spaces. This point of view turned out to be particularly useful for the study of differential and integral equations.