File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_3.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
ghrelin
Sign in to saveAlso known as motilin-related peptide, appetite-regulating hormone, growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin-28, GHRL(24-51), GSSFLSPEHQRVQQRKESKKPPAKLQPR, Gastric MLTRP, Gly-Ser-Ser-Phe-Leu-Ser-Pro-Glu-His-Gln-Arg-Val-Gln-Gln-Arg-Lys-Glu-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Pro-Ala-Lys-Leu-Gln-Pro-Arg
Ghrelin (; or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone primarily produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, and is also dubbed the "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat. Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility and stimulating the secretion of gastric acid.
OverviewAI-generated
Ghrelin is a chemical compound with the formula C₁₄₁H₂₃₅N₄₇O₄₁. It has a mass of 3243.778215 and a weight of 3370.9. The molecule carries a charge of 0 and features an xlogp value of -18.3.
Structural properties of ghrelin include a topological polar surface area of 1470. It contains 48 hydrogen bond donors and 51 hydrogen bond acceptors. The compound is identified by the InChIKey GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N.
In scientific literature, ghrelin is the subject of 13717 PubMed entries. It is also referenced by 366 other encyclopedia articles.
Synthesized by Vinony from 15 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, PubChem, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.
Chemical data
- Formula
- C149H249N47O42
- Molecular weight
- 3370.9 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- (4S)-4-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-octanoyloxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(1S)-4-carbamimidamido-1-carboxybutyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
- SMILES
- CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CN=CN3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N6CCC[C@H]6C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CN
- InChIKey
- GNKDKYIHGQKHHM-RJKLHVOGSA-N
- XLogP
- -18.3
- Polar surface area
- 1470 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 48
- H-bond acceptors
- 51
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Research
13,717 papers- The Homeostatic Force of Ghrelin.Cell metabolism · 2018
- Ghrelin's Relationship to Blood Glucose.Endocrinology · 2019
- Ghrelin mediated hippocampal neurogenesis.Vitamins and hormones · 2022
- Ghrelin regulation of glucose metabolism.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2019
- Ghrelin-LEAP2 interactions along the stomach-liver axis.Endocrine journal · 2025
via PubMed
~13 min read
Encyclopedic overview
24 sectionsContents
- History and name
- Gene, transcription products, and structure
- Ghrelin cells
- Alternative names
- Location
- Features
- Function and mechanism of action{{anchor|Cholinergic–dopaminergic reward link}}
- Blood levels
- Ghrelin receptor
- Locations of action
- Glucose metabolism
- Sleep
- Reproductive system
- Fetus and neonate
- Cardiovascular system
- Immune system
- Stress/ Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
- Role(s) in disease
- Gastric bypass surgery
- Anorexia and obesity
- Effects on cardiovascular system
- See also
- References
- External links
Ghrelin (; or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone primarily produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, and is also dubbed the "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat. Blood levels of ghrelin are highest before meals when hungry, returning to lower levels after mealtimes. Ghrelin may help prepare for food intake by increasing gastric motility and stimulating the secretion of gastric acid.
Ghrelin activates cells in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, including neuropeptide Y neurons that initiate appetite. Ghrelin stimulates brain structures having a specific receptor – the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHSR-1A). Ghrelin also participates in regulation of reward cognition, learning and memory, the sleep-wake cycle, taste sensation, reward behavior, and glucose metabolism.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “ghrelin” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.