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Heliopolis was an ancient Egyptian city located near present-day Cairo that served as a major religious and cultural center, particularly known as the center of worship for the sun god Ra. The city was highly influential in shaping Egyptian theology and cosmology, making it one of the most important sacred sites in ancient Egypt.
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Heliopolis (Jwnw, Iunu; Ancient Egyptian: 𓉺𓏌𓊖, romanized: jwnw, lit. 'the Pillars'; Coptic: ⲱⲛ, Biblical Hebrew: אֹן, romanized: ʾOn; Greek: Ἡλιούπολις, romanized: Hēlioúpolis, lit. 'City of the Sun') was a major city of ancient Egypt. It was the capital of the Heliopolite or 13th Nome (province or district) of Lower Egypt and a major religious centre. Its site is within the boundaries of Ain Shams and El Matareya districts (kism) in northeastern Cairo.
One of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, occupied since prehistoric Egypt, it greatly expanded under the Old and Middle Kingdoms. Today it is mostly ruined, as its temples and other buildings having been scavenged for the construction of medieval Cairo. Most information about the ancient city comes from surviving records.