Hystricognathi
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The Hystricognathi are an infraorder of rodents, distinguished from other rodents by the bone structure of their skulls. The masseter medialis (a jaw muscle) passes partially through a hole below each eye socket (called the infraorbital foramen) and connects to the bone on the opposite side. This, together with their lack of an infraorbital plate and the relative size of the infraorbital foramen, distinguishes hystricognaths from other rodent groups. The infraorder's name comes from Ancient Greek ὕστριξ (hústrix), meaning "porcupine", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw".
Species
Hystricognathi ist eine Teilordnung der Nagetiere (Rodentia).[1] Bis heute sind 230 rezente Arten in 68 Gattungen beschrieben worden. Die Hystricognathi werden in drei Gruppen unterteilt: die Stachelschweine (Hystricidae) und die Phiomorpha, welche beide auf die Alte Welt beschränkt sind, sowie die Caviomorpha (Meerschweinchenverwandte) der Neuen Welt. Die altweltlichen Phiomorpha umfassen vier rezente Familien: die Sandgräber (Bathyergidae), die Nacktmulle (Heterocephalidae), die Felsenratte (Petromus typicus) sowie die Rohrratten (Thryonomys). Die neuweltlichen Caviomorpha dagegen sind diverser und umfassen 13 rezente Familien, die in vier Überfamilien klassifiziert werden: die Baumstachlerartigen (Erethizontoidea), die Meerschweinchenartigen (Cavioidea), die Chinchillaartigen (Chinchilloidea) sowie die Trugrattenartigen (Octodontoidea). Die nächsten Verwandten (Schwestergruppe) der Hystricognathi sind die Gundis (Ctenodactylidae), eine auf Nordafrika beschränkte Nagetier-Familie.[1] Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Merkmale 2 Verbreitungsgeschichte 3 Familien 4 Einzelnachweise 5 Literatur 6 Weblinks Merkmale Die Hystricognathi unterscheiden sich von anderen Nagetieren durch verschiedene ana
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Wikidata facts
- Instance of
- taxon
- Parent taxon
- Hystricomorpha
- Image
- Capromys pilorides.jpg
Show 3 more facts
- taxon rank
- infraorder
- taxon name
- Hystricognathi
- topic's main category
- Category:Hystricognath rodents
Sources (1)
via Wikidata · CC0
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Encyclopedic overview
8 sectionsContents
- Behavior
- Phiomorphan hystricognath families
- Caviomorphan hystricognath families
- See also
- References
- Citations
- Sources
- External links
The Hystricognathi are an infraorder of rodents, distinguished from other rodents by the bone structure of their skulls. The masseter medialis (a jaw muscle) passes partially through a hole below each eye socket (called the infraorbital foramen) and connects to the bone on the opposite side. This, together with their lack of an infraorbital plate and the relative size of the infraorbital foramen, distinguishes hystricognaths from other rodent groups. The infraorder's name comes from Ancient Greek ὕστριξ (hústrix), meaning "porcupine", and γνάθος (gnáthos), meaning "jaw".
The 18 families within the Hystricognathi are divided into two parvorders, the Phiomorpha and the Caviomorpha. The Caviomorpha are mostly native to South America, with a few species in the Caribbean and North America, while the Phiomorpha occur in the Old World. thumb|left|250px|Skull of a nutria demonstrating the hystricognathous lower jaw and hystricomorphous zygomasseteric system
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Hystricognathi” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.