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lead

File:Lead_electrolytic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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lead

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Also known as Pb, element 82

Lead () is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut or melted, it appears shiny silvery with a bluish tint, but tarnishes to dull gray on exposure to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element, and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements.

OverviewAI-generated

Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Its standard molar entropy is 64.8, and it has a mass of 207.2. The element has a density of 11.34 and an electronegativity of 2. Its ionic radius is 1.49. Lead melts at 621 and boils at 3164.

The substance is associated with the Commons category and gallery titled "Lead." It is referenced by 5,459 other encyclopedia articles. In medical contexts, the time-weighted average exposure limit is 0.05, and the level immediately dangerous to life or health is 100. The NIOSH Pocket Guide ID for lead is 0368.

Chemical identifiers include the formula Pb and the canonical SMILES string "[Pb]". The Unicode character for lead is "鉛". PubChem lists the compound weight as 207 and the IUPAC name as lead. It has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, with a topological polar surface area of 0. PubMed records 962,367 entries for the query "lead."

Synthesized by Vinony from 30 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula
Pb
Molecular weight
207 g/mol
IUPAC name
lead
SMILES
[Pb]
InChIKey
WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area
0 Ų
H-bond donors
0
H-bond acceptors
0
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

Research

962,367 papers

via PubMed

~57 min read

Encyclopedic overview

43 sections
Contents
  • Physical properties
  • Atomic
  • Bulk
  • Isotopes
  • Chemistry
  • Inorganic compounds
  • Lead(II)
  • Lead(IV)
  • Other oxidation states
  • Organolead
  • Origin and occurrence
  • In space
  • On Earth
  • Etymology
  • History
  • Production
  • Primary
  • Two-stage process
  • Direct process
  • Alternatives
  • Secondary
  • Applications
  • Elemental form
  • Batteries
  • Coating for cables
  • Compounds
  • Historical Preservation
  • Biological effects
  • Toxicity
  • Effects
  • Exposure sources
  • Lead in foods
  • Lead in plastic toys
  • Treatment
  • Disease burden
  • Environmental effects
  • Restriction and remediation
  • See also
  • Notes
  • References
  • Bibliography
  • Further reading
  • External links

Lead () is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut or melted, it appears shiny silvery with a bluish tint, but tarnishes to dull gray on exposure to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element, and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements.

Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is shown by its amphoteric behavior: lead and lead oxides react with both acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Lead compounds usually occur in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common in lighter members of the carbon group, with exceptions mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lead can bond with itself, forming chains and polyhedral structures.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “lead” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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