Maria Goeppert Mayer
German-born American theoretical physicist (1906-1972)
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Maria Goeppert Mayer was a German-born American physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding the structure of atomic nuclei. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for developing the nuclear shell model, a theory that explained how protons and neutrons are organized within the nucleus, which was a major breakthrough in nuclear physics.
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5 total works indexed
- An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust
· 1995 · cited 27,905x
- Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
· 2001 · cited 18,519x
- A global reference for human genetic variation
· 2015 · cited 17,411x
- New Algorithms and Methods to Estimate Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies: Assessing the Performance of PhyML 3.0
· 2010 · cited 16,711x
- Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
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Maria Goeppert Mayer ( German: [maˈʁiːa ˈɡœpɐt ˈmaɪɐ] ; née Göppert; June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German–American theoretical physicist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner. One half of the prize was awarded jointly to Goeppert Mayer and Jensen "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure." She was the second woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics, the first being Marie Curie in 1903. In 1986, the Maria Goeppert Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor.
A graduate of the University of Göttingen, Goeppert Mayer wrote her doctoral thesis on the theory of possible two-photon absorption by atoms. At the time, the chances of experimentally verifying her thesis seemed remote, but the development of the laser in the 1960s later permitted this. Today, the unit for the two-photon absorption cross section is called the Goeppert Mayer (GM) unit.
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1906 births1972 deaths20th-century American physicists20th-century American women physicists20th-century German physicistsAmerican Nobel laureatesAmerican nuclear physicistsColumbia University facultyFellows of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellows of the American Physical SocietyGerman emigrants to the United StatesGerman Nobel laureates