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19th-century German philosophers

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Karl Marx thumbnail
Karl Marx
German-born philosopher (1818-1883)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe thumbnail
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832)
Friedrich Nietzsche thumbnail
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher (1844-1900)
Immanuel Kant thumbnail
Immanuel Kant
German philosopher (1724-1804)
Friedrich Engels thumbnail
Friedrich Engels
German philosopher, sociologist and economist (1820–1895)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel thumbnail
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
German philosopher and theologian (1770–1831)
Rosa Luxemburg thumbnail
Rosa Luxemburg
Polish-German Marxist revolutionary (1871–1919)
Friedrich Schiller thumbnail
Friedrich Schiller
German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian (1759–1805)
Arthur Schopenhauer thumbnail
Arthur Schopenhauer
German philosopher (1788-1860)
Max Weber thumbnail
Max Weber
German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist (1864–1920)
Georg Cantor thumbnail
Georg Cantor
German mathematician, inventor of set theory (1845–1918)
Heinrich Hertz thumbnail
Heinrich Hertz
German physicist (1857–1894)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte thumbnail
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
German philosopher (1762–1814)
Ludwig Feuerbach thumbnail
Ludwig Feuerbach
German philosopher and anthropologist (1804–1872)
Ernst Haeckel thumbnail
Ernst Haeckel
German zoologist (1834-1919)
Johann Gottfried Herder thumbnail
Johann Gottfried Herder
German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)
Rudolf Christoph Eucken thumbnail
Rudolf Christoph Eucken
(1846-1926) German philosopher
Edmund Husserl thumbnail
Edmund Husserl
German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (*1859 – †1938)
Friedrich Hölderlin thumbnail
Friedrich Hölderlin
German poet
Wilhelm von Humboldt thumbnail
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Prussian philosopher, government official, diplomat, and educator (1767–1835)
Gottlob Frege thumbnail
Gottlob Frege
German philosopher, logician, and mathematician (1848–1925)
Max Stirner thumbnail
Max Stirner
German philosopher (1806-1856)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling thumbnail
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
German philosopher (1775–1854)
Richard Dedekind thumbnail
Richard Dedekind
German mathematician (1831–1916)
Georg Simmel thumbnail
Georg Simmel
German sociologist, philosopher, and critic (1858–1918)
Friedrich Schlegel thumbnail
Friedrich Schlegel
German poet, critic and scholar, editor
Max Scheler thumbnail
Max Scheler
German philosopher (1874-1928)
Karl Kautsky thumbnail
Karl Kautsky
Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist (1854–1938)
Friedrich Schleiermacher thumbnail
Friedrich Schleiermacher
German theologian, philosopher, and biblical scholar (1768-1834)
Ferdinand Tönnies thumbnail
Ferdinand Tönnies
German sociologist, economist and philosopher (1855–1936)
Johann Friedrich Herbart thumbnail
Johann Friedrich Herbart
German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline (1776-1841)
Adam Weishaupt thumbnail
Adam Weishaupt
German philosopher and founder of the Illuminati (1748–1830)
Wilhelm Dilthey thumbnail
Wilhelm Dilthey
German historian, psychologist, sociologist, student of hermeneutics, and philosopher (1833–1911)
Bruno Bauer thumbnail
Bruno Bauer
German philosopher and theologian (1809–1882)
Franz Brentano thumbnail
Franz Brentano
German philosopher and psychologist as well as refounder of the theory of intentionality (1838–1917)
Houston Stewart Chamberlain thumbnail
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
British-German racialist philosopher (1855–1927)
Richard Avenarius thumbnail
Richard Avenarius
German philosopher (1843-1896)
Moses Hess thumbnail
Moses Hess
German philosopher (1812–1875)
Eduard von Hartmann thumbnail
Eduard von Hartmann
German philosopher (1842–1906)
Hermann Lotze thumbnail
Hermann Lotze
German philosopher (1817-1881)
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi thumbnail
Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
German philosopher (1743-1819)
Wilhelm Windelband thumbnail
Wilhelm Windelband
German philosopher (1848–1915)
Rudolf Otto thumbnail
Rudolf Otto
German theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist (1869-1937)
Hermann Cohen thumbnail
Hermann Cohen
German philosopher (1842–1918)
Ludwig Büchner
German philosopher and scientist (1824-1899)
Eugen Dühring thumbnail
Eugen Dühring
German antisemitic philosopher and economist (1833-1921)
Philipp Mainländer thumbnail
Philipp Mainländer
German poet and philosopher (1841–1876)
Heinrich von Treitschke thumbnail
Heinrich von Treitschke
Historian, political writer (1834-1896)
Carl Stumpf thumbnail
Carl Stumpf
German philosopher (1848–1936)
Heinrich Rickert thumbnail
Heinrich Rickert
German philosopher (1863-1936)
Georg Jellinek
German philosopher (1851-1911)
Paul Natorp thumbnail
Paul Natorp
German philosopher and historian (1854–1924)
Oswald Külpe thumbnail
Oswald Külpe
German philosopher (1862-1915)
Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
German philosopher
Joseph Dietzgen thumbnail
Joseph Dietzgen
German philosopher (1828-1888)
Friedrich Albert Lange
German philosopher and sociologist (1828-1875)
Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach thumbnail
Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach
German legal scholar (1775-1833)
Franz Xaver von Baader
German philosopher and theologian (1765-1841)
Eduard Zeller thumbnail
Eduard Zeller
German philosopher and theologian (1814-1908)
Kuno Fischer
German philosopher (1824–1907)