Myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a muscle to relieve constriction, often performed in the gastrointestinal or urological systems. The procedure can alleviate symptoms caused by muscle-related functional obstructions, particularly in cases of achalasia, a disorder that affects the esophagus. Myotomies may be performed using open, laparoscopic, or endoscopic techniques, depending on the location and condition being treated. Common types include the Heller myotomy, used to treat esophageal achalasia, and pyloromyotomy, commonly performed in infants with pyloric stenosis.
Myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a muscle to relieve constriction, often performed in the gastrointestinal or urological systems. The procedure can alleviate symptoms caused by muscle-related functional obstructions, particularly in cases of achalasia, a disorder that affects the esophagus. Myotomies may be performed using open, laparoscopic, or endoscopic techniques, depending on the location and condition being treated. Common types include the Heller myotomy, used to treat esophageal achalasia, and pyloromyotomy, commonly performed in infants with pyloric stenosis.
==Indications== Myotomy is indicated in various conditions characterized by muscular constriction that interferes with normal physiological functions. The most common indications include: Achalasia – A motility disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax, obstructing food passage. Pyloric stenosis – Hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter in infants, preventing food from entering the small intestine. Diffuse esophageal spasm – A condition causing uncoordinated esophageal contractions, resulting in swallowing difficulties.
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