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nitromethane
Also known as nitrocarbol, MeNO2, CH3NO2
Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings. Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, con
Chemical data
- Formula
- CH3NO2
- Molecular weight
- 61.04 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- nitromethane
- SMILES
- C[N+](=O)[O-]
- InChIKey
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- XLogP
- 0.1
- Polar surface area
- 45.8 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 2
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Wikidata facts
- Mass
- 61.016
~12 min read
Article
20 sectionsContents
- Preparation
- Laboratory methods
- Uses
- Solvent and stabilizer
- Fuel
- Former uses
- Other
- Reactions
- Acid-base properties
- Organic reactions
- Purification
- Safety
- Explosive properties
- Regulation
- Human exposure
- See also
- References
- Cited sources
- Further reading
- External links
Nitromethane, sometimes shortened to simply "nitro", is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the simplest organic nitro compound. It is a polar liquid commonly used as a solvent in a variety of industrial applications such as in extractions, as a reaction medium, and as a cleaning solvent. As an intermediate in organic synthesis, it is used widely in the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, fibers, and coatings. Nitromethane is used as a fuel additive in various motorsports and hobbies, e.g. Top Fuel drag racing and miniature internal combustion engines in radio control, control line and free flight model aircraft.
== Preparation == Nitromethane is produced industrially by combining propane and nitric acid in the gas phase at . This exothermic reaction produces the four industrially significant nitroalkanes: nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, and 2-nitropropane. The reaction involves free radicals, including the alkoxyl radicals of the type , which arise via homolysis of the corresponding nitrite ester. These alkoxy radicals are susceptible to C—C fragmentation reactions, which explains the formation of a mixture of products.