Palaeognathae

Also known as Paleognathae, Paleognathia, paleognaths, palaeognaths

AI overview

Palaeognathae is one of the two major groups of modern birds, consisting of mostly flightless species like ostriches, emus, and kiwis, along with a flying group called tinamous. This ancient lineage matters because it represents one of the two primary branches of bird evolution and helps scientists understand how birds diversified and adapted to different lifestyles over millions of years.

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Research

1,366 papers

Phylogeny and sex chromosome evolution of Palaeognathae.Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao · 2022Wang Z, Zhang J, Xu X et al.DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.06.013
Emu: species-level microbial community profiling of full-length 16S rRNA Oxford Nanopore sequencing data.Nature methods · 2022Curry KD, Wang Q, Nute MG et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01520-4
Evolution of bird sex chromosomes: a cytogenomic approach in Palaeognathae species.BMC ecology and evolution · 2024Setti PG, Deon GA, Zeni Dos Santos R et al.DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02230-5
Hindlimb bones texture through postnatal ages of Rhea americana (Aves: Palaeognathae).Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2024Picasso MBJ, Acosta Hospitaleche CDOI: 10.1111/ahe.13004
Avian cryptococcosis.ReviewMedical mycology · 2003Malik R, Krockenberger MB, Cross G et al.DOI: 10.1080/mmy.41.2.115.124
Analysis of Sex Chromosome Evolution in the Clade Palaeognathae from Phased Genome Assembly.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Okuno M, Mizushima S, Kuroiwa A et al.DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab242
The selfish preen: absence of allopreening in Palaeognathae and its socio-cognitive implications.Animal cognition · 2023Jensen TR, Zeiträg C, Osvath MDOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01794-x
The Length Polymorphism of the 9th Intron in the Avian CHD1 Gene Allows Sex Determination in Some Species of Palaeognathae.Genes · 2022Kroczak A, Wierzbicki H, Urantówka ADDOI: 10.3390/genes13030507

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Wikidata facts

Image: Kiwifugl.jpg

Show 4 more facts

Commons category: Palaeognathae
taxon name: Palaeognathae
Commons gallery: Palaeognathae
taxon common name: staročeljustnice

Sources (1)

wikidata.org

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~27 min read

Article

13 sections

Contents

Origin and evolution
History of classifications
Cladistics
Description
Sizes
Locomotion
Biogeography
Gondwana vicariance hypothesis
Tertiary radiation hypothesis{{efn|name=tertiary}}
Relationship to humans
See also
References
External links

Palaeognathae (; ) is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. It is one of the two infraclasses of birds, the other being Neognathae, both of which form Neornithes. Palaeognathae contains five extant orders consisting of four flightless lineages (plus two that are extinct), termed ratites, and one flying lineage, the Neotropic tinamous. There are 47 species of tinamous, five of kiwis (Apteryx), three of cassowaries (Casuarius), one of emus (Dromaius) (another became extinct in historic times), two of rheas (Rhea) and two of ostriches (Struthio). Recent research has indicated that paleognaths are monophyletic but the traditional taxonomic split between flightless and flighted forms is incorrect; tinamous are within the ratite radiation, meaning flightlessness arose independently multiple times via parallel evolution.

There are three extinct groups that are undisputed members of Palaeognathae: the Lithornithiformes, the Dinornithiformes (moas) and the Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds), the latter two of which became extinct in the last 1250 years. There are other extinct birds which have been allied with the Palaeognathae by at least one author, but their affinities are a matter of dispute.