File:Aptenodytes_forsteri_-Snow_Hill_Island,_Antarctica_-adults_and_juvenile-8.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
penguin
Also known as the penguin family, penguins, Spheniscidae, spheniscid
Penguins are a group of flightless semi-aquatic sea birds which live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Only one species, the Galapagos penguin, lives at, and slightly north of, the equator. Highly adapted for life in the ocean water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.
AI overview
Penguins are flightless birds that live almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere and are specially adapted for ocean life, with dark and white coloring, flippers for swimming, and features like spiny tongues to catch and eat sea creatures. They matter as notable examples of how animals can thrive in marine environments through specialized physical adaptations, and they play a role in ocean food webs by hunting krill, fish, and squid.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
penguins
Family
- PhylumChordata
- ClassAves
- OrderSphenisciformes
- FamilySpheniscidae
Habitatmarine
Observations8,565
由於受到破坏，依據方針，本条目已獲半保護。 請参閱页面保护方针及保护日志以获取更多信息。如果您不能修改此条目，您可以请求修改、在讨论页提出修改提议、申请解除保护、登录或创建账号。 企鵝屬於企鵝目（学名：Sphenisciformes）企鵝科（Spheniscidae），是一種不會飛的鳥類。 企鵝主要生活在南半球，目前已知全世界的企鵝共有19种，另有两种已灭绝。多數分布在南極地區，而其中環企鵝屬的漢波德企鵝、麥哲倫企鵝與黑腳企鵝分布在緯度較低的溫帶地區，至於加拉帕戈斯企鵝的分布則更接近赤道；完全生活在極地的只有皇帝企鵝及阿德利企鵝兩種。 目录 1 特徵 2 生活習性 2.1 企鵝的住處 2.2 企鵝的身體 2.3 企鵝的覓食 3 分類 4 圖片 5 參見 6 参考文献 7 外部链接 特徵 企鵝可說是現時最不怕冷的鳥。牠全身羽毛密佈，皮下脂肪厚達二至三公分，這種特殊的保溫构造，使牠在冰天雪地中，仍然能夠自在生活。 曾分布于北極地区、现已滅絕的大海雀可能和企鵝一樣耐寒，而且兩者外表相似，曾經被誤認有親緣關係，使得在發現海雀時，歐洲人對其的命名和企鵝也相同。[1] 企鵝擁有其他鳥類的共同特徵：身上擁有羽毛、尖而突出的堅硬的喙及有爪及鱗片的雙腳。但跟其他鳥類不同，牠的翅膀，使牠們無法飛行，也不像其他不擅於飛行的走禽（如雞、鴕鳥），因為身體肥胖而不擅於奔跑。但企鵝的趾間有蹼，翅膀也演化至槳狀。這樣的身體結構讓企鵝成為善泳的動物。 陸地上的企鵝不是直立着就是步行，由於身型肥胖、腿短，牠們走路時顯得笨拙。在冰天雪地下，若被天敵追時，牠們會以腹部貼上冰地上，並用雙腳推動快速逃走。企鵝的敵人是海獅或海豹。 生活習性 企鵝的住處 企鵝主要住在南半球，人跡罕至的地方。大部分企鵝住在寒帶，僅少數住在熱帶。其實企鵝並不喜歡酷熱天氣，只在寒冷的氣候中，牠們才會快活。所以，在南極洲沿岸住著最多的企鵝。 企鵝的身體 企鵝看起來不像鳥，牠們的翅膀變成鰭狀肢，身體呈流線型，能輕快地在水中游來游去。企鵝身上覆蓋著一層厚厚的防毛。在這層羽毛下有一層比較柔軟的絨羽可以保暖。此外，牠們的皮膚下面還有一層脂肪，也能防止體溫散失。所有的企鵝身上都有類似的黑白花紋，這些花紋使牠們的求偶展示顯得更加醒目。 企鵝的覓食 企鵝在海中覓食，必要時，牠們也會潛入水中覓食，而其游動的姿势肖似飞鸟[2]。皇帝企鵝是潛得最深的企鵝。牠們能潛到250公尺深的水中覓食，並在水面下停留20分鐘。牠們的胃很大，牠們可以離家很遠的地方吃得飽飽的，然後游回家餵牠們的小寶寶。在海中，企鵝十分靈活，並能潛入水中達55米深、22分鐘之久，也能游出離岸6-12公里遠，以捕食小魚、磷蝦等。 分類 企鵝目 Sphenisciformes 企鵝科 Spheniscidae 王企鵝屬 Aptenodytes 皇帝企鵝 Aptenodytes forst
via
~33 min read
Article
20 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Pinguinus
- Systematics and evolution
- Taxonomy
- Evolution
- Basal fossils
- Palaeeudyptines
- Origin and systematics of modern penguins
- Geography
- Relationship to other bird orders
- Anatomy and physiology
- Behaviour
- Breeding
- Distribution and habitat
- Conservation status
- Penguins and humans
- In popular culture
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
Penguins are a group of flightless semi-aquatic sea birds which live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Only one species, the Galapagos penguin, lives at, and slightly north of, the equator. Highly adapted for life in the ocean water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sea life which they catch with their bills and swallow whole while swimming. A penguin has a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery prey.
They spend about half of their lives on land and the other half in the sea. The largest living species is the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri): on average, adults are about tall and weigh . The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (Eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands around tall and weighs . Today, larger penguins generally inhabit colder regions, and smaller penguins inhabit regions with temperate or tropical climates. Some prehistoric penguin species were enormous: as tall or heavy as an adult human. There was a great diversity of species in subantarctic regions, and at least one giant species in a region around 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, during the Late Eocene, a climate decidedly warmer than today.