parity
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Parity refers to whether a number is odd or even—a basic mathematical property that divides all whole numbers into these two categories. Understanding parity matters because it helps solve problems in mathematics, computer science, and logic by revealing patterns and constraints in how numbers behave.
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Cuisenaire rods: 5 (yellow) cannot be evenly divided in 2 (red) by any 2 rods of the same color/length, while 6 (dark green) can be evenly divided in 2 by 3 (lime green). In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer of whether it is even or odd. An integer is even if it is divisible by 2, and odd if it is not. For example, −4, 0, and 82 are even numbers, while −3, 5, and 23 are odd numbers.
The above definition of parity applies only to integer numbers, hence it cannot be applied to numbers with fractions or decimals such as 1⁄2 or 4.6978. See § Higher mathematics for some extensions of the notion of parity to a larger class of "numbers" or in other more general settings.