Also known as Roumania, România, ro
país en Europa del Este
Romania is a Southeast and Central European country situated along the Danube River and the Black Sea coast, bordered by Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Moldova. As Europe's twelfth-largest country by area and the sixth-most populous European Union member state with nearly 20 million people, Romania plays a significant role in the EU and the broader European region, with Bucharest serving as its capital and economic center.
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With a Black Sea coast to the east, it is bordered by Bulgaria to the south, Serbia to the southwest, Hungary to the northwest, Moldova to the northeast and Ukraine in both the north and the east. While its southern regions are usually seen as part of Southeastern Europe (Balkans), Transylvania, its largest region, is in Central Europe.
The country is enjoying better standards since the Communist periods, with foreign investment on the rise. It is even considered to be the one of the fastest developing countries in the world due to its rapid GDP growth year by year and infrastructure improvements.
Getting to Romania is easy from nearly all parts of the world: it is served by an array of transport types and companies.
Romania has borders with the following countries: Ukraine, Bulgaria, Serbia, Moldova, and Hungary.
thumb|Lake Oașa near [[Sebeș, with Pătru's peak in the background.]] thumb|Colourful tombstones at the Merry Cemetery in [[Săpânța.]] thumb|Rugged landscapes in Prahova County. Getting around Romania is relatively inefficient for the great distances that have to be covered in this country (this is after all, the second-largest country in Central Europe, after Poland). The transport infrastructure has been improving quite significantly, even though roads remain a weak point. There are three operational highways, that connect Bucharest to the seaside and to the cities of Pitești and Ploiești, respectively, and several others under construction. Train travel, however, has improved dramatically. Several upgrade projects are underway for several railway tracks, which makes rail traffic on those lines a bit slow for the time being.
thumb|Bran Castle is one of Romania's main landmarks.
Whether you're looking for stunning landscapes, ancient cultural traditions, bustling city life or beautiful historic heritage; no visitor to Romania needs to search for things to see. This country is home to a range of top sights, especially when you'd like to get a feel for the old Europe, the time of monasteries and castles.
thumb|Trekking in the Retezat Mountains thumb|[[Southern Bukovina is home to the remarkable Painted Monasteries]] thumb|Romania has a number of good winter sports destinations Go to church - Romania is one of the most religious countries in Europe, and the Orthodox church is omnipresent. You will certainly want to visit some churches and monasteries for their beauty and history, but why not take the chance to experience an Orthodox mass? The congregation is usually standing and it is perfectly normal to show up only briefly during the mass so you can come and go at your leisure without disturbing anyone. Show up at any church on Sunday morning, stand quietly in the back and observe. Be suitably dressed, see the section "Respect".
Rumania o Rumanía (en rumano, România, pronunciado /ro.mɨ'ni.a/) es uno de los veintisiete Estados soberanos que forman la Unión Europea. Está ubicado en la intersección de Europa Central y del Sureste, y cuenta con costa en el mar Negro. Limita con Hungría y Serbia al oeste, Ucrania y Moldavia al noreste y al este, y Bulgaria al sur. Con 238 391 km², Rumania es el noveno país más grande de la Unión Europea por área, y cuenta con la séptima mayor población de la Unión Europea con más de 19 millones de habitantes. Su capital y ciudad más poblada es Bucarest, la décima ciudad más grande de la Unión Europea. Los Principados Unidos surgieron cuando los principados de Moldavia y Valaquia se unieron bajo el príncipe Alexandru Ioan Cuza en 1859. En 1881, Carlos I de Rumania se coronó, formando el Reino de Rumania. Su independencia del Imperio otomano fue declarada el 9 de mayo de 1877 y fue reconocido internacionalmente al año siguiente. Al final de la Primera Guerra Mundial, Transilvania, Bucovina y Besarabia fueron anexionadas por el Reino de Rumania, circunstancia que dio inicio a lo que la monarquía rumana denominó la Gran Rumania. Durante la década de 1930 el gobierno, con Ion Gigurtu como primer ministro, derivó de una posición inicial proclive al Reino Unido y Francia, hacia una posición alineada militar y políticamente con la Alemania nazi, implementando el antisemitismo de manera oficial en el país. En 1940, la región de Besarabia, que se había unido a Rumania en 1918, fue anexionada a la Unión Soviética como resultado de la ocupación soviética de Besarabia y el norte de Bucovina. Durante la operación se produjo un enfrentamiento de algunas divisiones rumanas con el Ejército Rojo, que las derrotó duramente, lo que llevó a la incorporación de Besarabia a la Unión Soviética como RSS de Moldavia. En esa misma época Rumanía también perdió el control de la Dobruja meridional en favor de Bulgaria y, temporalmente, de la Transilvania septentrional en favor de Hungría. Al comienzo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el exministro de Guerra, Ion Antonescu, implantó una dictadura militar fascista, en la que alineó el ejército rumano a la Wehrmacht, permitiendo el acantonamiento de gran número de divisiones de la misma, con vistas a la Operación Barbarroja, de invasión de la Unión Soviética. Desde junio de 1941 hasta 1944, Rumania participó en la guerra del lado de las potencias del eje, bajo la dirección militar de Alemania. En 1944, bajo la contraofensiva soviética que penetró en su territorio, cambió de bando y se unió formalmente a los Aliados, cayendo la dictadura militar de Antonescu. Al final de la guerra, algunos territorios del noreste anteriormente de Rumania fueron ocupados temporalmente por la Unión Soviética; con unidades del Ejército Rojo estacionadas en territorio rumano, el país acabó convirtiéndose en la República Socialista de Rumania y miembro del Pacto de Varsovia. Con la caída del bloque socialista europeo y la llamada Revolución rumana de 1989, Rumania inició su transición hacia la democracia representativa occidental y una economía de mercado capitalista. Desde 2010, Rumania es un país de ingresos relativamente altos, con un alto índice de desarrollo humano. Rumania se unió a la OTAN el 29 de marzo de 2004, y a la Unión Europea el 1 de enero de 2007. También es miembro de la Unión Latina, la Francofonía, la OSCE, la OMC, la BSEC y las Naciones Unidas. Hoy en día, Rumania es un Estado unitario con una república semipresidencial, en la que el poder ejecutivo se compone del presidente y del Gobierno. Rumania y Moldavia son los únicos países de Europa Oriental cuyas lenguas son romances.
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You will experience bible readings, prayers and other rituals accompanied by a short sermon explaining the text. You are not likely to understand much, but you can notice the varying levels of involvement among church-goers, visible in how long and where people stay at the mass, and how often they sign themselves with the cross, or even genuflect. Organised congregation singing is not common but is conducted by a choir with each church-goer joining when he feels like. The choir singing can be captivating, the quality usually reflects the importance of the church.
The altar has sections with doors that open and close depending on the church season. You will also see candles sold, they are lit in or by the church in separate trays for the souls of ei…
thumb|Colivă dishes are used for a church ritual. thumb|Saramura is one of Romania's traditional dishes. Romanian food is distinct yet familiar to most people, being a mixture of Balkan cuisine and Central European cuisine, but it has some unique elements. The local dishes are the delicious sarmale, ardei umpluți (stuffed peppers), mămăligă (pr. muhmuhliguh, polenta), bulz (traditional roasted polenta, filled with at least two kinds of cheeses, bacon and sour cream), friptură (steak), salată de boeuf (finely chopped cooked veggies and meat salad, usually topped with mayo and decorated with tomatoes and parsley), zacuscă (a yummy, rich salsa-like dip produced in the fall) as well as tocană (a kind of stew), tochitură (pr. tokituruh, an assortment of fried meats, and traditional sausages, in a special sauce, served with polenta and fried eggs), mici (pr. michi, with a ch sound like in the word "chat"; a kind of spicy sausage, but only the meat, without the casings, almost always cooked on a barbecue, but may also be cooked with hot water vapours; often served with beer during picnics - mici și bere), roe salad, various mashed beans varieties like iahnie (the h is loud).
Other dishes include a burger bun with a slice of ham, a slice of cheese and a layer of French fries, ciorbă de burtă (white sour tripe soup), ciorbă rădăuțeană (very similar to ciorbă de burtă, but with chicken instead of tripe), ciorbă țărănească (a red sour soup, akin to borș but with the beet root being rep…
thumb|Palinca for sale at a festival
Finding an accommodation in Romania is very easy, for any price. In all the touristy places, as soon as you get to the train station several people will come to you asking whether you need an accommodation, or you can book it in advance. Those people welcoming you at the station often speak English, French and Italian. Moreover, while walking on the street, you will often find cazare written on the houses; that means they will rent you a room in their house. You're best advised to book an accommodation in advance in the big cities (Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Brasov and Iasi), since it'll be quite hard to wander around looking for a place to sleep, but you won't have any problem at all anywhere else.
As in most other countries, it is often cheaper to obtain accommodation directly with the hotel (either in person or in advance via the internet) rather than through booking agencies. Even an increasing number of small hotels will accept reservations via the Internet. Search for the local official tourist guide websites which will have a list of hotels and/or bed and breakfasts, then inquire at that site: most have information in English, many have formal reservation webpages. Prices for 4-star hotels are much the same as in the rest of Europe, certainly in Bucharest, whilst 3-star hotels and below can be a little cheaper. A feature of Romanian accommodation prices is that many bed and breakfast establishments (without any hotel star rating) are as expensive as or more expensive tha…
Romania is a very safe country, where random attacks are almost non-existent. While violence against foreign tourists is rare, this does not mean you should leave your common sense at home, if you decide to vacation in Romania. Generally crime is limited to petty thefts and common scams, and not much else that would concern the tourist. Wherever you may be in the country, ask trusted locals about the surroundings, they will gladly give you a few pointers.
Although racial prejudice exists in Romania, especially toward those who look like Roma (“gypsies”), hate crimes are rare. Some homophobic prejudice also remains, for instance an annual gay pride parade in Bucharest has been the scene of violent protests in past years.
Tap water is generally potable, but most people choose to drink bottled water instead.
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