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stibine
Sign in to saveAlso known as antimony hydride, antimony trihydride, hydrogen antimonide, stibane, antimonium hydride
Stibine (IUPAC name: stibane) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH3. A pnictogen hydride, this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal covalent hydride of antimony, and a heavy analogue of ammonia. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 pm (1.707 Å). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of arsine, i.e. garlic-like. The term stibine is also used for the class of organoantimony(III) compounds of the formula SbH3−xRx, where R is a aryl group or alkyl group. ==Preparation== S
Chemical data
- Formula
- H3Sb
- Molecular weight
- 124.784 g/mol
- IUPAC name
- stibane
- SMILES
- [SbH3]
- InChIKey
- OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Polar surface area
- 0 Ų
- H-bond donors
- 0
- H-bond acceptors
- 0
- Formal charge
- 0
via PubChem
Wikidata facts
- Mass
- 123.927
Show 11 more facts
- NIOSH Pocket Guide ID
- 0568
- immediately dangerous to life or health
- 25.5
- melting point
- -88
- chemical formula
- H₃Sb
- Commons category
- Stibine
- boiling point
- -17
- vapor pressure
- 1
- ionization energy
- 9.54
- time-weighted average exposure limit
- 0.5
- canonical SMILES
- [SbH3]
- electric dipole moment
- 0.12
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Article
9 sectionsContents
- Preparation
- Properties
- Uses
- History
- Safety
- Toxicology
- See also
- References
- External links
Stibine (IUPAC name: stibane) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH3. A pnictogen hydride, this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal covalent hydride of antimony, and a heavy analogue of ammonia. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 pm (1.707 Å). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of arsine, i.e. garlic-like. The term stibine is also used for the class of organoantimony(III) compounds of the formula SbH3−xRx, where R is a aryl group or alkyl group. ==Preparation== SbH3 is generally prepared by the reaction of Sb3+ sources with H− equivalents: 2 Sb2O3 + 3 LiAlH4 → 4 SbH3 + 1.5 Li2O + 1.5 Al2O3 4 SbCl3 + 3 NaBH4 → 4 SbH3 + 3 NaCl + 3 BCl3
Alternatively, sources of Sb3− react with protonic reagents (even water) to also produce this unstable gas: Na3Sb + 3 H2O → SbH3 + 3 NaOH