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Testudines

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Testudines

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Also known as turtles, tortoises, Chelonia, chelonians, chelonian

Turtles (order Testudines) are reptiles characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked turtles), which differ in the way the head retracts. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. They are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. Like other amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, a

OverviewAI-generated

Testudines is an order of reptiles within the phylum Chordata and kingdom Animalia. The taxon was established by Linnaeus in 1758 and is classified as an accepted order. It belongs to the subclass Reptilia and the parent taxa Perichelydia and Archosauromorpha. The group is distinct from Testudinata. Common names for this group include turtles, skilpadder, želve, and سُلحفاة.

Members of Testudines inhabit marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. Their temporal range begins in the Triassic period. The taxon is the source of tortoise shell. Records of Testudines are maintained by institutions including UCMP, NMMNHS, ALMNH, and UCM in the United States. The group is referenced by 3,244 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 39 facts across 7 sources: Wikidata, GBIF, PubMed, Gbif Occ, WoRMS, iDigBio, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Species

turtles

Testudines

CLASS

  1. KingdomAnimalia
  2. PhylumChordata
  3. ClassTestudines
  4. OrderTestudines
Habitatmarine, brackish, freshwater
Observations recorded2,081,178

Kura-kura dan penyu adalah hewan bersisik berkaki empat yang termasuk golongan reptil. Bangsa hewan yang disebut (ordo) Testudinata (atau Chelonians) ini khas dan mudah dikenali dengan adanya ‘rumah’ atau batok (bony shell) yang keras dan kaku. Batok kura-kura ini terdiri dari dua bagian. Bagian atas yang menutupi punggung disebut karapas (carapace) dan bagian bawah (ventral, perut) disebut plastron. Kemudian setiap bagiannya ini terdiri dari dua lapis. Lapis luar umumnya berupa sisik-sisik besar dan keras, dan tersusun seperti genting; sementara lapis bagian dalam berupa lempeng-lempeng tulang yang tersusun rapat seperti tempurung. Perkecualian terdapat pada kelompok labi-labi (Trionychoidea) dan jenis penyu belimbing, yang lapis luarnya tiada bersisik dan digantikan lapisan kulit di bagian luar tempurung tulangnya. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita mengenal tiga kelompok hewan yang termasuk bangsa ini, yalah penyu (bahasa Inggris: sea turtles), labi-labi atau bulus (freshwater turtles), dan kura-kura (tortoises). Dalam bahasa Inggris, dibedakan lagi antara kura-kura darat (land tortoises) dan kura-kura air tawar (freshwater tortoises atau terrapins).

via GBIF

Museum specimens

Specimen records
1,641
With media
26
Collections
UCMP, NMMNHS, ALMNH, UCM
Recorded in
United States
iDigBio →

Research

640 papers

via PubMed

~52 min read

Encyclopedic overview

37 sections
Contents
  • Naming and etymology
  • Anatomy and physiology
  • Size
  • Shell
  • Head and neck
  • Limbs and locomotion
  • Senses
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Osmoregulation
  • Thermoregulation
  • Behavior
  • Diet and feeding
  • Communication and intelligence
  • Defense
  • Migration
  • Reproduction and life cycle
  • Courtship and mounting
  • Eggs and hatchlings
  • Lifespan
  • Systematics and evolution
  • Fossil history
  • External relationships
  • Internal relationships
  • Differences between the two suborders
  • Distribution and habitat
  • Conservation
  • Human uses
  • On space flights
  • In culture
  • As pets
  • As food and other uses
  • See also
  • References
  • Citations
  • Cited sources
  • External links

Turtles (order Testudines) are reptiles characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked turtles), which differ in the way the head retracts. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. They are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. Like other amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water.

Turtle shells are made mostly of bone; the upper part is the domed carapace, while the underside is the flatter plastron or belly-plate. Its outer surface is covered in scales made of keratin, the material of hair, horns, and claws. The carapace bones develop from ribs that grow sideways and develop into broad flat plates that join up to cover the body. Turtles are ectotherms or "cold-blooded", meaning that their internal temperature varies with their direct environment. They are generally opportunistic omnivores and mainly feed on plants and animals with limited movement. Many turtles migrate short distances seasonally. Sea turtles are the only reptiles that migrate long distances to lay their eggs on a favored beach.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “Testudines” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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