titanium
Sign in to saveTitanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength that is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.
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Titanium is a silvery metal found in nature as an oxide that can be processed into pure form, offering an attractive combination of low weight, high strength, and excellent resistance to corrosion. Because of these properties, particularly its durability in harsh environments like seawater, titanium is a valuable material for demanding applications.
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Article
38 sectionsContents
- Characteristics
- Physical properties
- Chemical properties
- Occurrence
- Isotopes
- Compounds
- Oxides, sulfides, and alkoxides
- Nitrides and carbides
- Halides
- Organometallic complexes
- History
- Production
- Mineral beneficiation processes
- Purification processes
- Hunter process
- Kroll process
- Arkel-Boer process
- Armstrong process
- Other processes
- Fabrication
- Titanium alloys
- Forming and forging
- Applications
- Pigments, additives, and coatings
- Aerospace and marine
- Industrial
- Consumer and architectural
- Jewelry
- Medical
- Anticancer therapy studies
- Nuclear waste storage
- Hazards and safety
- Function in plants
- See also
- Footnotes
- References
- Bibliography
- External links
Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength that is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.
Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide (TiO2), is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.