titanium

Also known as element 22, 22Ti

Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength that is resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine.

OverviewAI-generated

Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Its standard atomic weight is 47.867. The element exhibits oxidation states of -1, 1, 2, and 4. It has an electronegativity of 1.54 and an ionic radius of 0.86. The Unicode character for titanium is "鈦".

Titanium was discovered in 1791. It has a melting point of 1941 and a boiling point of 3286.85. The speed of sound in the material is 5090. Its thermal conductivity is 21.9, and its specific heat capacity is 520. The tensile modulus of elasticity is 116, with a shear modulus of 41.4 and a Poisson's ratio of 0.32.

The Mohs' hardness is 6, and the hardness value is 2125. The chemical formula is Ti. In chemical databases, it is identified by CID 23963 and IUPAC name titanium. It has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, with a topological polar surface area of 0. The element is referenced by 2,716 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Ti
Molecular weight: 47.867 g/mol
IUPAC name: titanium
SMILES: [Ti]
InChIKey: RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

92,166 papers

Titanium mesh for bone augmentation in oral implantology: current application and progress.ReviewInternational journal of oral science · 2020Xie Y, Li S, Zhang T et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00107-z
Titanium Dioxide: Structure, Impact, and Toxicity.ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Racovita ADDOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095681
Type IV Titanium Hypersensitivity: Rare, or Rarely Detected?ReviewActa chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca · 2023Voves J, Měrka O, Čabanová K et al.
Blood titanium level as a biomarker of orthopaedic implant wear.ReviewJournal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2019Swiatkowska I, Martin N, Hart AJDOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.013
Titanium corrosion products from dental implants and their effect on cells and cytokine release: A review.ReviewJournal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2024Kandaswamy E, Harsha M, Joshi VMDOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127464
Titanium dioxide.ReviewIARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans · 1989
[Progress in antibacterial coatings of titanium implants surfaces].ReviewSheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2024He X, Guo C, Liu X et al.DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202209051
Titanium--the material of choice?ReviewPeriodontology 2000 · 1998Steinemann SGDOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00119.x

via PubMed

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Encyclopedic overview

38 sections

Contents

Characteristics
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Occurrence
Isotopes
Compounds
Oxides, sulfides, and alkoxides
Nitrides and carbides
Halides
Organometallic complexes
History
Production
Mineral beneficiation processes
Purification processes
Hunter process
Kroll process
Arkel-Boer process
Armstrong process
Other processes
Fabrication
Titanium alloys
Forming and forging
Applications
Pigments, additives, and coatings
Aerospace and marine
Industrial
Consumer and architectural
Jewelry
Medical
Anticancer therapy studies
Nuclear waste storage
Hazards and safety
Function in plants
See also
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
External links

Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide (TiO2), is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “titanium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.