vacuum

thumb|300x300px|Vacuum pump and bell jar for vacuum experiments, used in science education during the early 20th century, on display in the Schulhistorische Sammlung ('School Historical Museum'), [[Bremerhaven, Germany]]

OverviewAI-generated

A vacuum is a subject categorized under the "Vacuum" tag on Physics Stack Exchange and the "Vacuum" category on Wikimedia Commons. It is referenced by 1,245 other encyclopedia articles within the Vinony graph.

Physically, a vacuum has a density of 0. Its refractive index, relative permittivity, and relative permeability are each 1. In medical literature indexed by PubMed, the term "vacuum" appears in 57,240 records.

Synthesized by Vinony from 9 facts across 3 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Research

57,240 papers

Recent Progress in Vacuum Engineering of Ionic Liquids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
Vacuum-Assisted Needle-Free Capillary Blood Sampling.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024
Comparison of Vacuum Suction Sheath and Non-Vacuum Suction Sheath in Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research · 2022
Vacuum-Induced Tamponade for Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2021
Are intravertebral vacuum phenomena benign lesions?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2011

via PubMed

~36 min read

Encyclopedic overview

20 sections

Contents

Etymology
Historical understanding
Classical field theories
Gravity
Electromagnetism
Quantum mechanics <span class="anchor" id="The quantum-mechanical vacuum"></span>
Outer space
Measurement
Relative versus absolute measurement
Measurements relative to 1 atm
Measuring instruments
Uses
Vacuum-driven machines
Outgassing
Pumping and ambient air pressure
Effects on humans and animals
Examples
See also
References
External links

A vacuum (: vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective (neuter ) meaning "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is considerably lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object that is surrounded by a vacuum.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “vacuum” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.