Aging-related proteins

thumb|upright=1.5|The triple helix: three left-handed polyproline type II helices (red, green, blue) assemble by an axial hydrogen bond to form a right-handed triple helix, the tertiary structure of collagen.

p53, also known as tumor protein p53, TP53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory transcription factor protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often spoken of as, a single protein) are crucial in vertebrates, where they prevent cancer formation. As such, p53 has been described as "the guardian of the genome" because of its role in conserving stability by preventing genome mutation. Hence TP53 is classified as a tumor suppressor gene.

thumb|200x200px|Thick elastic fibers consisting of bundles of elastin in the human lung Elastin is a protein encoded by the ELN gene in humans and several other animals. Elastin is a key component in the extracellular matrix of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). It is highly elastic and present in connective tissue of the body to resume its shape after stretching or contracting. Elastin helps skin return to its original position whence poked or pinched. Elastin is also in important load-bearing tissue of vertebrates and used in places where storage of mechanical energy is required.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

450px|thumb|Mechanism of NF-κB action. The classic "canonical" NF-κB complex is a heterodimer of p50 and RelA, as shown. NF-κB waits for activation in the cytosol, complexed with the inhibitory protein IκBα. Various extracellular signals can enter the cell via membrane receptors and activate the enzyme [[IκB kinase (IKK). IKK, in turn, phosphorylates the IκBα protein, which results in ubiquitination, dissociation of IκBα from NF-κB, and eventual degradation of IκBα by the proteasome. The activated NF-κB is then translocated into the nucleus where it binds to specific sequences of DNA called re

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as mammalian target of rapamycin is a serine-threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, autophagy, and transcription. It belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family and is evolutionarily conserved across eukaryotes. It also promotes the activation of insulin receptors and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors.

Sirtuins are a family of signaling proteins involved in metabolic regulation. They are ancient in animal evolution and appear to possess a highly conserved structure throughout all kingdoms of life. Chemically, sirtuins are a class of proteins that possess either mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase or deacylase activity, including deacetylase, desuccinylase, demalonylase, demyristoylase and depalmitoylase activity. The name Sir2 comes from the yeast gene 'silent mating-type information regulation 2', the gene responsible for cellular regulation in yeast.

mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Forkhead box O3, also known as FOXO3 or FOXO3a, is a human protein encoded by the FOXO3 gene.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

C-C motif chemokine 11 also known as eosinophil chemotactic protein and eotaxin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCL11 gene. This gene is encoded on three exons and is located on chromosome 17.

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) also known as NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 or poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PARP1 gene. It is the most abundant of the PARP family of enzymes, accounting for 90% of the NAD+ used by the family. PARP1 is mostly present in cell nucleus, but cytosolic fraction of this protein was also reported.

CCN family member 1 (CCN1) or Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), is a matricellular protein that in humans is encoded by the CYR61 gene.

Forkhead box protein O4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXO4 gene.

family of transcription factors involved in anatomical development

BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG3 gene. BAG3 is involved in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.

found in insects that play a role in aging and reproduction

BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAG1 gene.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the growth differentiation factor 11 gene. GDF11 is a member of the Transforming growth factor beta family.