Antitussives

Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea. It is commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) as codeine/paracetamol or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children. In Europe, it is not recommended as a cough medicine for those under 12 y

Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant used in many cough and cold medicines. In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the combination dextromethorphan/bupropion to serve as a rapid-acting antidepressant in people with major depressive disorder.

medication taken to relieve cold symptoms

Noscapine, also known as narcotine, nectodon, nospen, anarcotine and (archaic) opiane, is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid of the phthalideisoquinoline structural subgroup, which has been isolated from numerous species of the Papaveraceae (poppy) family. It lacks effects associated with opioids such as sedation, euphoria, or analgesia (pain-relief) and lacks addictive potential. Noscapine is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.

Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company. It is an optical isomer of levopropoxyphene. It is intended to treat mild pain and also has antitussive (cough suppressant) and local anesthetic effects. The drug has been taken off the market in Europe and the United States due to concerns of fatal overdoses and heart arrhythmias. It is still available in Australia, albeit with restrictions after an application by its manufacturer to review its proposed banning. Its onset of analgesia (pain relief) is said to be 20–30 minutes and peak effects

Benzonatate (), sold under the brand name Tessalon among others, is a medication that is used for the symptomatic relief of cough. Benzonatate is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within 20minutes and last between 3 and 8hours.

recreational drug combining prescription-grade cough syrup with a soft drink and hard candy

Ethylmorphine (also known as codethyline, dionine, and ethyl morphine) is an opioid analgesic and antitussive.

chemical compound

Pholcodine is an opioid cough suppressant (antitussive). It helps suppress unproductive coughs and also has a mild sedative effect, but has little or no analgesic effects. It is also known as morpholinylethylmorphine and homocodeine.

Butamirate (or brospamin, trade names Acodeen, Codesin, Pertix, Sinecod, Sinecoden, Sinecodix) is a cough suppressant. It has been marketed in Europe and Mexico, but not in the United States.

Dextrorphan (DXO) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and in high doses a dissociative hallucinogen. It is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of racemorphan; the levorotatory enantiomer is levorphanol. Dextrorphan is produced by O-demethylation of dextromethorphan by CYP2D6. Dextrorphan is an NMDA antagonist and contributes to the psychoactive effects of dextromethorphan.

Glaucine (also known as 1,2,9,10-tetramethoxyaporphine, bromcholitin, glauvent, tusidil, and tussiglaucin) is an aporphine alkaloid found in several different plant species in the family Papaveraceae, such as Glaucium flavum, Glaucium oxylobum, and Corydalis yanhusuo, and in other plants such as Croton lechleri in the family Euphorbiaceae.

Levodropropizine is a cough suppressant. It is the levo isomer of dropropizine. It acts as a peripheral antitussive, with no action in the central nervous system. It does not cause side effects such as constipation or respiratory depression which can be produced by opioid antitussives such as codeine and its derivatives. 150px|thumbnail|right|Levopront In September 2021, Korea United Pharm file lawsuits against 15 drug manufacturers as patent infringement protection for its 2017 registered antitussive drug Levotics CR Tab. (levodropropizine). The cases are anchored on violation of its patent f

Clobutinol is a cough suppressant formerly distributed by Boehringer Ingelheim and its licensees under the names Lomisat and Silomat, by Bioter as Biotussin, and by Violani-Farmavigor as Pertoxil. It has been withdrawn from the market worldwide.

Oxolamine is a cough suppressant that is available as a generic drug in many jurisdictions.

mass poisonings since the 1990s

Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin, in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride (JAN) (brand names Hustazol, Nitossil, Seki) and cloperastine fendizoate, is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, Brazil and in some European countries. It was first introduced in 1972 in Japan, and then in Italy in 1981.

Dropropizine (or dipropizine) is a cough suppressant that is sold in Germany, Central America, South America, and some African countries such as Congo. It is sold as suppositories, tablets, and syrup. It is used to stop a cough caused by allergies or a cold.

Zipeprol is a centrally acting cough suppressant developed in France in the 1970s. It is not a morphinan derivative (in contrast to both codeine and dextromethorphan). Zipeprol acts as a local anaesthetic and has mucolytic, antihistamine and anticholinergic properties. It is sold with several brand names such as Zinolta and Respilene. It is not available in the United States or Canada and has been discontinued in Europe. It is still available in some countries in Asia and South America.

Levopropoxyphene is an antitussive. It is an optical isomer of dextropropoxyphene. The racemic mixture is called propoxyphene. Only the dextro-isomer (dextropropoxyphene) has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert only an antitussive effect. It was formerly marketed in the U.S. by Eli Lilly under the tradename Novrad (a reversal of Darvon) as an antitussive. Unlike many antitussives, it binds poorly to the sigma-1 receptor.

Normethadone (INN, BAN; brand names Ticarda, Cophylac, Dacartil, Eucopon, Mepidon, Noramidone, Normedon, and others), also known as desmethylmethadone or phenyldimazone, is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive agent. Normethadone is listed under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 and is a Schedule I Narcotic controlled substance in the United States, with a DEA ACSCN of 9635 and an annual manufacturing quota of 2 grams. The salts in use are the hydrobromide (free base conversion ratio 0.785), hydrochloride (0.890), methyliodide (0.675), oxalate (0.766), picrate (0.563), and t

pharmaceutical drug

Oxilofrine, sold under the brand names Carnigen and Suprifen among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which has been used as an antihypotensive agent and cough suppressant. It is taken by mouth.

Benproperine (INN) is a cough suppressant. It has been marketed in multiple countries in Central America and Europe, as the phosphate or pamoate salts in either tablet, dragée, or syrup form. Trade names include Blascorid in Italy and Sweden, Pectipront and Tussafug in Germany, and Pirexyl in Scandinavia. The recommended dosage for adults is 25 to 50 mg two to four times daily, and for children 25 mg once or twice daily. Adverse effects include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, and heartburn.

Drotebanol (Oxymethebanol) is a morphinan derivative that acts as an opioid agonist. It was invented by Sankyo Company in Japan during the 1970s. It is synthesised from thebaine.

Pentoxyverine (rINN) or carbetapentane is an antitussive (cough suppressant) commonly used for cough associated with illnesses like common cold. It is sold over-the-counter as Solotuss, or in combination with other medications, especially decongestants. One such product is Certuss, a combination of guaifenesin and pentoxyverine. The drug has been available in the form of drops, suspensions and suppositories.

Prenoxdiazine (marketed as Libexin) is a cough suppressant. It acts peripherally by desensitizing the pulmonary stretch receptors. Therefore, there's a reduction of cough impulses originating in the lungs. Prenoxdiazine is indicated in cough of bronchial origin.

Clofedanol (INN) or chlophedianol (BAN), sold under the brand name Ninjacof among others, is a centrally acting cough suppressant used in the treatment of dry cough. Clofedanol has local anesthetic, antispasmodic, and antihistamine properties, and may have anticholinergic effects at high doses.

Oxeladin is a cough suppressant. It is a highly potent and effective drug used to treat all types of cough of various etiologies. It is not related to opium or its derivatives, so treatment with oxeladin is free of risk of dependence or addiction. Oxeladin has none of the side effects (such as hypnosis, respiratory depression, tolerance, constipation and analgesia) which are present when common antitussives, such as codeine and its derivatives, are used. It may be used at every age, as well as in patients with heart disease, since it has a high level of safety and a great selectivity to act on

Piperidione (trade name Sedulon) is a sedative drug, structurally related to methyprylon and pyrithyldione. It used to be marketed by Roche as a cough medicine available in liquid form. In the US, it was approved by the FDA on grounds of safety alone in 1947. After Roche failed to submit evidence of efficacy to the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation program in 1972, it was withdrawn from the US market.

Codoxime (Codossima) is an opiate analogue that is a derivative of hydrocodone, where the 6-ketone group has been replaced by carboxymethyloxime. It has primarily antitussive effects and was found to have moderate potential to cause dependence in animal studies.

Tipepidine (INN; also known as tipepidine hibenzate (JAN); brand names Asverin, Antupex, Asvelik, Asvex, Bitiodin, Cofdenin A, Hustel, Nodal, and Sotal) is a synthetic, non-opioid antitussive and expectorant of the thiambutene class. It acts as an inhibitor of G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs). The drug was discovered in the 1950s, and was developed in Japan in 1959. It is used as the hibenzate and citrate salts.

Dimemorfan (INN; JAN dimemorfan phosphate; also known as dimemorphan and 3,17-dimethylmorphinan; brand names Astomin, Dastosirr, and Tusben) is an antitussive (cough suppressant) of the morphinan family that is widely used in Japan and is also marketed in Spain and Italy. It was developed by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical (now Astellas Pharma) and introduced in Japan in 1975. It was later introduced in Spain in 1981 and Japan in 1985.

Diphepanol is a cough suppressant (antitussive).

thumbnail|Old bottle of Paregoric, circa 1940s. The large red X on the label indicates that it was classified as an "exempt narcotic", sold without prescription even though it contains morphine. Paregoric, or camphorated tincture of opium, also known as tinctura opii camphorata, is a patent medicine known for its antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic properties. According to Goodman and Gilman's 1965 edition, "Paregoric is a 4% opium tincture in which there is also benzoic acid, camphor, and anise oil. ... Paregoric by tradition is used especially for children."

Nepinalone is a cough suppressant. Its brand names include Placatus, Tussolvina, and Nepitus.

Indantadol (developmental code names CHF-3381, V-3381) is a drug of the 2-aminoindane family which was formerly being investigated as an anticonvulsant and neuroprotective and is now under development for the treatment of neuropathic pain and chronic cough in Europe by Vernalis and Chiesi. It acts as a competitive, reversible, and non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and as a low affinity, non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. A pilot study of indantadol for chronic cough was initiated in October 2009 and in April 2010 it failed to achieve significant efficacy in neuropathic pain in

Letosteine is a mucolytic patented (U.S. patent 6987120) by Piero del Soldato of Milan, Italy. He filed his application in 2000.

Proxorphan (INN), also known as proxorphan tartate (USAN) (developmental code name BL-5572M), is an opioid analgesic and antitussive drug of the morphinan family that was never marketed. It acts preferentially as a κ-opioid receptor partial agonist and to a lesser extent as a μ-opioid receptor partial agonist.

Isomethadone (INN, BAN; trade name Liden; also known as isoamidone) is a synthetic opioid analgesic and antitussive related to methadone that was used formerly as a pharmaceutical drug but is now no longer marketed. Isomethadone was used as both an analgesic and antitussive. It binds to and activates both the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, with the (S)-isomer being the more potent of the two enantiomers. Isomethadone is a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, with an ACSCN of 9226 and a 2014 aggregate manufacturing quota of 5 g. The salts in use are the hydrobromide (HBr, free bas

Isoaminile is an antitussive (cough suppressant) used under the trade-name Peracon.

Domiodol is a mucolytic and expectorant. It has been marketed in Italy by Maggioni under the trade name Mucolitico Maggioni and sold in syrup, sachet, and tablet form, with a dosage of 60mg three to four times daily in adults. Contraindications include severe renal or hepatic insufficiency.

Meprotixol is a cough suppressant. It has also been used for the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

Pipazetate () (brand names Dipect, Lenopect, Selvigon, Theratuss, Toraxan), or pipazethate (), is a 1-azaphenothiazine drug that was briefly marketed as a cough suppressant. It binds to the sigma-1 receptor with an IC50 value of 190 nM. It also has local anesthetic action, and in large doses can produce seizures.

Droxypropine is a cough suppressant of the phenylpiperidine class.