Dihydropyridines

Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CAD) and variant angina (also called Prinzmetal angina or coronary artery vasospasm, among other names). It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth).

Nifedipine ( ), sold under the brand name Procardia among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to manage angina, high blood pressure, Raynaud's phenomenon, and premature labor. It is one of the treatments of choice for Prinzmetal angina. It may be used to treat severe high blood pressure in pregnancy. Its use in preterm labor may allow more time for steroids to improve the baby's lung function and provide time for transfer of the mother to a well-qualified medical facility before delivery. It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. Nifedipine is taken by mouth

Nimodipine, sold under the brand name Nimotop among others, is a calcium channel blocker used in preventing vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage (a form of cerebral hemorrhage). It was originally developed within the calcium channel blocker class as it was used for the treatment of high blood pressure, but is not used for this indication.

Felodipine is a medication of the calcium channel blocker type that is used to treat high blood pressure.

Nicardipine (Cardene) is a medication used to treat angina and hypertension, especially for hemorrhagic stroke patients. It belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers (CCBs). It is also used for Raynaud's phenomenon. It is available in by mouth and intravenous formulations. It has been used in percutaneous coronary intervention.

Nisoldipine is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of chronic angina pectoris and hypertension. It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is sold in the United States under the proprietary name Sular. Nisoldipine has tropism for cardiac blood vessels.

1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH=CH)2NH. The parent compound is uncommon, but derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine are important commercially and biologically. The pervasive cofactors NADH and NADPH are derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridine. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a class of L-type calcium channel blockers used in the treatment of hypertension. 1,2-Dihydropyridines are also known.

Isradipine (tradenames DynaCirc, Prescal) is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is usually prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure in order to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack.

Barnidipine (INN; also known as mepirodipine) is a calcium channel blocker which belongs to the dihydropyridine (DHP) group of calcium channel blockers. It is used in the treatment of hypertension.

Nitrendipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of primary (essential) hypertension to decrease blood pressure and can reduce the cardiotoxicity of cocaine.

Lercanidipine (INN) is an antihypertensive (blood pressure lowering) drug. It belongs to the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and opening the blood vessels allowing the blood to circulate more freely around the body. This lowers the blood pressure and allows the heart to work more efficiently.

Clevidipine (INN, trade name Cleviprex) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker indicated for the reduction of blood pressure when oral therapy is not feasible or not desirable. Clevidipine is used IV only and practitioners titrate this drug to lower blood pressure. It has a half-life of approximately one minute. It is rapidly inactivated by esterases.

Lacidipine (tradenames Lacipil or Motens) is a calcium channel blocker. It is available as tablets containing 2 or 4 mg.

Manidipine is a calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine type) that is used clinically as an antihypertensive.

Benidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). It is a triple L-, T-, and N-type calcium channel blocker. It is reno- and cardioprotective.

Nilvadipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB) used for the treatment of hypertension and chronic major cerebral artery occlusion.

Azelnidipine (INN; marketed under the brand name CalBlock — カルブロック) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. Azelnidipine is L and T calcium channel blocker. It is sold in Japan by Daiichi-Sankyo pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug Controller General Of India (DCGI) has approved the use of azelnipine in India. It is launched under the brand name Azusa (ajanta pharma ltd.) In 2020.

Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker. Cilnidipine is approved for use in Japan, China, India, Nepal, and Korea for hypertension.

Levamlodipine (INN), also known as levoamlodipine or '''S-amlodipine is a pharmacologically active enantiomer of amlodipine. Amlodipine belongs to the dihydropyridine group of calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive and antianginal agent. It was approved by the U.S. FDA in December 2019 and is currently marketed under the brand name Conjupri'''.

Riodipine (INN; brand names Foridon and Ryosidine) is a calcium channel blocker.

Oxodipine is a calcium channel blocker.

Aranidipine (INN, trade name Sapresta) is a calcium channel blocker. It is a dihydropyridine derivative with two active metabolites (M-1α and M-1β). It was developed by Maruko Seiyaku and has the formula methyl 2-oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate. Its main use is as a hypotensive, reducing blood pressure.

Darodipine is an experimental calcium channel blocker that based on animal models may reduce neuronal cytoskeletal alterations during aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Studies performed on rats have shown darodipine to have an effect on brain serotonergic systems. Darodipine increased the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio within various parts of the brain. Darodipine has also been shown to impair memory and learning processes on mice.

Niguldipine is a calcium channel blocker and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist.

Pranidipine is a calcium channel blocker. It is a long acting calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine group.

Efonidipine (INN) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker marketed by Shionogi & Co. of Japan. It was launched in 1995, under the brand name Landel (ランデル). The drug blocks both T-type and L-type calcium channels. Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the use of efonidipine in India. It is launched under the brand name "Efnocar" (Zuventus Health care ltd, India).

chemical compound

Pipermethystine is a toxic alkaloid present in the aerial (aboveground) portions of the kava plant. It is not a kavalactone, containing no lactone structure. Correctly prepared kava root products will contain almost no pipermethystine.