File:Brain_metabolism_and_drug_addiction.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
成瘾
Also known as dependence, habit
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces an immediate psychological reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences. Repetitive drug use can alter brain function in synapses similar to natural rewards like food or falling in love in ways that perpetuate craving and weakens self-control for people with pre-existing vulnerabilities. This phenomenon – drugs reshaping brain function – has led to an understanding of addiction as a brain disorder with a complex variety of psychosocia
AI overview
Addiction is a condition where someone has a persistent, intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that gives immediate psychological reward, even when it causes substantial harm and negative consequences. It matters because repeated use can alter how the brain functions in ways similar to natural rewards, making cravings stronger and self-control weaker, especially for people with certain vulnerabilities.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Key facts
- Medical condition.name
- Addiction
- Medical condition.image
- Brain metabolism and drug addiction.jpg
- Medical condition.caption
- Brain positron emission tomography images that compare brain metabolism in a healthy individual and an individual with a cocaine addiction
- Medical condition.alt
- PET images showing brain metabolism in drug addicts vs controls
- Medical condition.field
- Psychiatry, clinical psychology, toxicology, addiction medicine
- Medical condition.symptoms
- Recurring compulsion to engage in rewarding activity despite negative consequences
- Medical condition.complications
- Suicide, overdose (if drugs), depression, coma
- Medical condition.risks
- Family history, adverse childhood experiences, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Medical condition.treatment
- Cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior modification, medication
via Wikipedia infobox
Wikidata facts
Article · 中文
成瘾（英語：addiction）是指一種重複性的強迫行為，即使這些行為已知可能造成不良後果的情形下，仍然被持續重複。這種行為可能因中樞神經系統功能失調造成，重複這些行為也可以反過來造成神經功能受損。瘾可用于描述生理依賴或者过度的心理依赖，例如物質依賴，药物滥用（即俗称的滥药、毒瘾）、酒瘾、烟瘾、性癮。或是持續出現特定行為（赌、暴食），网瘾、赌瘾、官瘾、财迷、工作狂、暴食症、跟蹤狂、偷窃狂、整形迷恋、购物狂、發表廢文甚至恋物癖等，是生理或者心理上，甚至是同時具备的一种依赖症。 瘾有分為物質成癮及，行為成癮是和物质无关的强迫症，如赌瘾和网瘾。在这几种通常的用法中，瘾是描述一种某人高频率反复从事可能对其身心健康和社交生活有害的活动的一种强迫行为。而精神疾病診斷與統計手冊的第五版DSM-5中有將赌瘾（gambling disorder）列入。有時成瘾（addiction）會和物質依賴（substance dependence）混淆。兩者主要的不同是：物質依賴者在中斷物質使用後，會出現戒斷症狀，甚至造成更多的使用該物質，而成瘾是強制性的攝取某種物質或從事特定行為，不一定有戒斷症狀。 物質成瘾會對個人和社會帶來顯著的影響，包括成癮物質帶來的直接影響、伴隨的醫療費用、長期的併發症（例如吸煙可能造成的肺癌、酒癮可能會有的肝硬化、靜脈注射甲基苯丙胺會出現的症狀）、神经可塑性（因為經驗原因引起大腦結構的改變）帶來的影響、以及後續生產力的下降。成瘾的典型現象包括對於物質或是行為的無法控制及過度關注，雖然有不良結果，卻仍然繼續攝取成瘾物質或從事特定行為的情形。伴隨著成癮的習慣或是行為模式通常是立即性的滿足（短期回報）及延遲出現的不良影響（長期不良結果）。 有时在口语上，瘾也用于指某些人的一些癖好，例如读书、收集（集邮）、看电视、玩游戏、购物、工作、上网、运动及进食等。不過在本条目中，瘾主要是被用于滥用药物和物质滥用问题，也就是有生理依賴或者过度心理依赖的行為。
Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA