glucose
Sign in to saveGlucose is a sugar with the molecular formula . It is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is made from water and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis by plants and most algae. It is used by plants to make cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate in the world, for use in cell walls, and by all living organisms to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used by the cell as energy. Glucose is often abbreviated as Glc.
AI overview
Glucose is a simple sugar that plants and algae produce from water and carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, and it's the most abundant sugar found in nature. All living organisms use glucose to create ATP, the energy molecule that powers cells, and plants also use it to build cellulose, which is the most common carbohydrate on Earth and forms the structure of plant cell walls.
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Article
39 sectionsContents
- Chemical and physical properties
- Structure and nomenclature
- Open-chain form
- Cyclic forms
- Mutarotation
- Optical activity
- Isomerisation
- Biochemical properties
- Uptake
- Biosynthesis
- Glucose degradation
- Energy source
- Precursor
- Regulatory role in cell differentiation
- Pathology
- Diabetes
- Hypoglycemia management
- Sources
- Commercial production
- Conversion to fructose
- Commercial usage
- Analysis
- Classical qualitative detection reactions
- Fehling test
- Tollens test
- Barfoed test
- Nylander's test
- Other tests
- Instrumental quantification
- Refractometry and polarimetry
- Photometric enzymatic methods in solution
- Photometric test-strip method
- Amperometric glucose sensor
- Other sensory methods
- Copper iodometry
- Chromatographic methods
- In vivo analysis
- References
- External links
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula . It is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates. It is made from water and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis by plants and most algae. It is used by plants to make cellulose, the most abundant carbohydrate in the world, for use in cell walls, and by all living organisms to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used by the cell as energy. Glucose is often abbreviated as Glc.
In energy metabolism, glucose is the most important source of energy in all organisms. Glucose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as amylose and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen. Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. The naturally occurring form is -glucose, while its stereoisomer -glucose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is less biologically active. Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Glucose is naturally occurring and is found in its free state in fruits and other parts of plants. In animals, it is released from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis.