hypercalcemia
Sign in to saveHypercalcemia, also spelled hypercalcaemia, is a high calcium (Ca2+) level in the blood serum. The normal range for total calcium is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), with levels greater than 2.6 mmol/L defined as hypercalcemia. Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically have no symptoms. In those with greater levels or rapid onset, symptoms may include abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness, kidney stones or an abnormal heart rhythm including cardiac arrest.
Key facts
- Medical condition (new).name
- Hypercalcemia
- Medical condition (new).synonyms
- Hypercalcaemia
- Medical condition (new).image
- Ca-TableImage.svg
- Medical condition (new).caption
- Calcium within the periodic table
- Medical condition (new).field
- Endocrinology
- Medical condition (new).symptoms
- Abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness
- Medical condition (new).complications
- Kidney stones, abnormal heart rhythm, cardiac arrest
- Medical condition (new).causes
- Primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Paget disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia, vitamin D toxicity
- Medical condition (new).diagnosis
- Blood serum level > 2.6 mmol/L (corrected calcium or ionized calcium)
- Medical condition (new).treatment
- Underlying cause, intravenous fluids, furosemide, calcitonin, pamidronate, hemodialysis
- Medical condition (new).medication
- See article
- Medical condition (new).frequency
- 4 per 1,000
via Wikipedia infobox
Article
21 sectionsContents
- Signs and symptoms
- Hypercalcaemic crisis {{anchor|crisis}}
- Causes
- Parathyroid function
- Cancer
- Vitamin-D disorders
- High bone-turnover
- Kidney failure
- Other
- Diagnosis
- ECG
- Treatments
- Fluids and diuretics
- Bisphosphonates and calcitonin
- Other therapies
- Other animals
- Household pets
- Outdoor animals
- See also
- References
- External links
Hypercalcemia, also spelled hypercalcaemia, is a high calcium (Ca2+) level in the blood serum. The normal range for total calcium is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), with levels greater than 2.6 mmol/L defined as hypercalcemia. Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically have no symptoms. In those with greater levels or rapid onset, symptoms may include abdominal pain, bone pain, confusion, depression, weakness, kidney stones or an abnormal heart rhythm including cardiac arrest.
Most outpatient cases are due to primary hyperparathyroidism and inpatient cases due to cancer. Other causes of hypercalcemia include sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Paget disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), vitamin D toxicity, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and certain medications such as lithium and hydrochlorothiazide. Diagnosis should generally include either a corrected calcium or ionized calcium level and be confirmed after a week. Specific changes, such as a shortened QT interval and prolonged PR interval, may be seen on an electrocardiogram (ECG).