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An ideology is a set of beliefs and values held by a person or group, often shaped as much by practical interests as by what people actually know to be true. The term originally described economic, political, or religious systems, but today is frequently used negatively to suggest that someone's views are driven by bias rather than objective fact.
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Article · 中文
意識形態（英語：ideology，意為「理念或想像的学說」；也譯作意識型態；周德偉譯作意理；中文早期曾經譯作意德沃羅基，屬音譯；林毓生主張音譯意譯合一，譯為意締牢結）有兩種具有本質性區別的涵義：若將意識形態視其為一種無價值偏見的概念，意識形態可視為是想像、期望、價值及假設的總合；若考慮政治的層面，則意識形態是「所有政治運動、利益集團、黨派乃至計畫草案各自固有的願景」的總和。可參見政治意識形態列表。卡爾·馬克思所理解的意識形態是一種不平等的權力關係，是統治階級爲了欺騙和使權力關係具有合法性的產物，目的是為了讓大家扭曲對於現實的認識，馬克思也稱其為上層建築。通常是某些社會的道德價值觀形塑了意識形態的基礎。現代社會的政治意識形態撕裂主要體現在左派與右派。意識形態一詞最早由安托万·德斯蒂·德·特拉西於1796年提出。
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