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lead

Also known as Pb, element 82

Lead () is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin ) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut or melted, it appears shiny silvery with a bluish tint, but tarnishes to dull gray on exposure to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element, and three of its isotopes are endpoints of major nuclear decay chains of heavier elements.

AI overview

Lead is a heavy metal element (symbol Pb) that is soft, malleable, and has a relatively low melting point, appearing silvery-blue when freshly cut but tarnishing to gray in air. It matters scientifically because it has the highest atomic number of any stable element and serves as the endpoint of major nuclear decay chains from heavier elements.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Pb
Molecular weight: 207 g/mol
IUPAC name: lead
SMILES: [Pb]
InChIKey: WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

962,367 papers

Lead poisoning.ReviewAustralian family physician · 1993Campbell B
Lead poisoning.ReviewPediatrics in review · 2000Markowitz MDOI: 10.1542/pir.21-10-327
Sources of lead exposure in various countries.ReviewReviews on environmental health · 2019Obeng-Gyasi EDOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0037
Lead.ReviewClinics in laboratory medicine · 1990Gerson B
Lead-interacting proteins and their implication in lead poisoning.ReviewCritical reviews in toxicology · 2018de Souza ID, de Andrade AS, Dalmolin RJSDOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1429387
Perspectives on lead toxicity.ReviewClinical biochemistry · 1993Lockitch GDOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(93)90113-k
Lead poisoning: Clinical and laboratory considerations.Advances in clinical chemistry · 2023Bunch D, Pyle-Eilola ALDOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.08.001
Biomarkers of lead exposure.ReviewIndustrial health · 2000Sakai TDOI: 10.2486/indhealth.38.127

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Mass: 207.2
Image: Lead-2.jpg

Show 18 more facts

melting point: 328
atomic number: 82
element symbol: Pb
Commons category: Lead
NIOSH Pocket Guide ID: 0368
density: 11.34
immediately dangerous to life or health: 100
Commons gallery: Lead
boiling point: 1740
vapor pressure: 0
time-weighted average exposure limit: 0.05
electronegativity: 2
standard molar entropy: 64.8
chemical formula: Pb
canonical SMILES: [Pb]
Unicode character: 鉛
ionic radius: 0.94
P8168: Jokkmokk Municipality

Sources (8)

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~57 min read

Article

43 sections

Contents

Physical properties
Atomic
Bulk
Isotopes
Chemistry
Inorganic compounds
Lead(II)
Lead(IV)
Other oxidation states
Organolead
Origin and occurrence
In space
On Earth
Etymology
History
Production
Primary
Two-stage process
Direct process
Alternatives
Secondary
Applications
Elemental form
Batteries
Coating for cables
Compounds
Historical Preservation
Biological effects
Toxicity
Effects
Exposure sources
Lead in foods
Lead in plastic toys
Treatment
Disease burden
Environmental effects
Restriction and remediation
See also
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links

Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is shown by its amphoteric behavior: lead and lead oxides react with both acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Lead compounds usually occur in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common in lighter members of the carbon group, with exceptions mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lead can bond with itself, forming chains and polyhedral structures.