gold

Also known as element 79

Gold is a chemical element; its chemical symbol is Au (from Latin ) and atomic number 79. In its pure form, it is a bright-metallic-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal, a group 11 element, and one of the noble metals. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements, being the second lowest in the reactivity series, with only platinum ranked as less reactive. Gold is solid under standard conditions.

OverviewAI-generated

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It has a gold color and crystallizes in a cubic crystal system. The element has a mass of 196.96657 and a specific heat capacity of 129.1. It exhibits a thermal conductivity of 295 and a speed of sound of 2030. Gold is distinct from the terms Gold, Or, Oro, and Oru.

The material has a Mohs' hardness of 2.5 and an ultimate tensile strength of 120. Its melting point is 1064.18, and its boiling point is 5378. Gold is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It was discovered around 6000 BCE. The element is referenced by 8,510 other encyclopedia articles.

Synthesized by Vinony from 34 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Au
Molecular weight: 196.96657 g/mol
IUPAC name: gold
SMILES: [Au]
InChIKey: PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

294,507 papers

Gold-based therapy: From past to present.ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Balfourier A, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Luciani N et al.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007285117
nanoGold and µGold inhibit autoimmune inflammation: a review.ReviewHistochemistry and cell biology · 2023Danscher G, Rasmussen SDOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02182-9
Gold nephropathy.ReviewNephron · 1988Hall CLDOI: 10.1159/000185185
GOLD: human exposure and update on toxic risks.ReviewCritical reviews in toxicology · 2018Lansdown ABGDOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1513991
The gold complexes.ReviewBailliere's clinical rheumatology · 1990Champion GD, Graham GG, Ziegler JBDOI: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80005-6
Chiral Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Potential Applications.ReviewChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2021Jouhannet R, Dagorne S, Blanc A et al.DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100415
Gold contact allergy: clues and controversies.ReviewDermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug · 2015Chen JK, Lampel HPDOI: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000101
Gold.Nature · 2013Brody HDOI: 10.1038/495S1a

via PubMed

~55 min read

Encyclopedic overview

32 sections

Contents

Etymology
Characteristics
Color
Isotopes
Synthesis
Chemistry
Rare oxidation states
Origin
Gold and platinum production in the universe
Asteroid origin theories
Mantle return theories
Occurrence
Seawater
History
Production
Mining and prospecting
Extraction and refining
Recycling
Pollution
Monetary use
Price
Other applications
Jewelry
Electronics
Medicine
Cuisine
Miscellanea
Toxicity
See also
References
Further reading
External links

Gold often occurs as the free element (native state), as nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as in electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals such as copper, platinum, and palladium, as well as mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides).

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “gold” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.