Also known as State of Libya, ly, LBA
país de África
Libya is a large North African country located along the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia, making it the fourth-largest country in Africa. The country's capital and largest city is Tripoli, situated in the northwest with a population exceeding one million people.
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thumb|right|350px|Leptis Magna
thumb|Oasis of Ubari
Libya's colourful capital Tripoli makes for a great start to explore the country, as it still has its traditional walled medina to explore, as well as the interesting Red Castle Museum, with expositions on all parts of the region's history. Despite the development as a tourist destination, this remains a quintessentially North-African place, with a range of beautiful mosques and impressive fountains and statues to remind of its historic role in the great Ottoman Empire. Some 130 km from the capital is Leptis Magna ('Arabic: لَبْدَة), once a prominent city of the Roman Empire. Its ruins are located in Al Khums, on the coast where the Wadi Lebda meets the sea. The site is one of the most spectacular and unspoiled Roman ruins in the Mediterranean. Another must-see is Cyrene, an ancient colony founded in 630 BC as a settlement of Greeks from the Greek island of Theraand. It was then a Roman city in the time of Sulla (c. 85 BC) and now an archaeological site near the village of present-day Shahhat and Albayda.
thumb|The Grand Mosque in Ghadames
The vast Sahara makes for some excellent natural experiences, complete with picture-perfect oases like Ubari. The Unesco listed town of Ghadames was once a Phoenician trade town, and the ruins of its ancient theatre, church and temples are a major attraction today. For stunning landscapes, try the Acacus Mountains, a desert mountain range with sand dunes and impressive ravines. The varied cave paintings of animals an…
thumb|Couscous with fish thumb|right|Shakshuka (Libyan omelette)
In Tripoli, it is surprisingly hard to find a traditional Libyan restaurant. Most serve western-style cuisine, with a few Moroccan and Lebanese restaurants thrown in. There are also good Turkish restaurants, and some of the best coffee and gelato outside of Italy. There are some wonderful Libyan dishes you should taste in case you are fortunate enough to be invited to a Libyan dinner party or wedding (be prepared to be overfed!)
A favourite café for the local expatriate community is the fish restaurant in the souq. For the equivalent of a few US dollars, you can enjoy a great seafood couscous. A local speciality is the stuffed calamari.
Also recommend Al-Saraya: Food OK, but its attraction is its position, right in Martyr's Square (Gaddafi name: Green Square). Another good seafood restaurant is Al-Morgan, next to the Algiers Mosque, near 1st of September Street.
Libia (en bereber: Libu, árabe: ليبيا), oficialmente el Estado de Libia, es un país soberano republicano del norte de África. Su capital es Trípoli. Limita con el mar Mediterráneo al norte, al oeste con Túnez y Argelia, al sur con Níger y Chad, al sureste con Sudán y al este con Egipto. Hasta 2011, al país se le adjudicaba la esperanza de vida más alta de África (solo por detrás de las ciudades e islas españolas de Ceuta, Melilla e islas Canarias, y de la isla británica de Santa Elena), con 77,65 años. También contaba con el PIB (nominal) per cápita más alto del continente africano, y el segundo puesto atendiendo al PIB per cápita en paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA). También tenía uno de los registros más altos de África en el índice de desarrollo humano (IDH), pero desde 2011 ha tenido notables decrecimientos. Desde la llegada de los árabes en el siglo VII, Libia ha sido una tierra de religión islámica y ha tenido el árabe como lengua predominante. En el siglo XVI el Imperio español y la Orden de Malta ocuparon Trípoli hasta el inicio de la dominación otomana en 1551. Libia participó en las guerras berberiscas de los siglos XVIII y XIX. El gobierno otomano continuó hasta la ocupación italiana de Libia, que trajo el periodo colonial de la Libia italiana (1911-1943). Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial el país fue campo de batalla de la campaña en África del Norte. Se independizó como reino en 1951, gobernado por Idris I hasta que un golpe de Estado militar lo derrocó en 1969; este suceso marcó el principio de una etapa de represión brutal de toda disidencia. El más destacado de los líderes del golpe fue Muamar el Gadafi, que se hizo con el poder durante la Revolución Cultural y lo conservó hasta la guerra de 2011, en la cual la OTAN apoyó a los rebeldes que se alzaron contra él. Desde entonces, Libia ha experimentado inestabilidad y violencia política que han afectado seriamente al comercio y a la producción de petróleo. La Unión Europea ha impulsado una operación para impedir la acción de redes de trata de personas que explotan a los refugiados que huyen de la guerra para radicarse en Europa. Desde 2014 se ha mantenido una dualidad de cuerpos políticos que afirman ser el Gobierno de Libia. La Cámara de Representantes, resultante de las elecciones de junio de 2014, se reconoce en círculos internacionales como la cámara legislativa legítima, pero no controla territorio en la capital, Trípoli; se reúne en la ciudad cirenaica de Tobruk y apoya a un denominado Gobierno Interino con sede en la ciudad de Al Baida. A partir de agosto de 2014 la dualidad se produjo con el Congreso General de la Nación (CGN; véase también: Congreso General Nacional); pero hoy día se puede confirmar que el CGN ya ha concluido su actividad. El 17 de diciembre de 2015, se firmó en Sjirat un acuerdo para formar un Gobierno unificado y provisional, según el cual se crearon un Consejo Presidencial (una presidencia colegiada de nueve miembros, encabezada por Fayez al-Sarraj), y un Gobierno del Acuerdo Nacional provisional de diecisiete, hasta la celebración de nuevas elecciones en un plazo de dos años. El Congreso General de la Nación se integró en las nuevas estructuras y sus antiguos miembros conformaron una nueva Cámara de carácter consultivo, el Consejo de Estado Superior. Pero la Cámara de Representantes se negó a confirmar al Consejo Presidencial. Por lo tanto, la dualidad actual es entre la Cámara de Representantes de Tobruk —reconocida solo en tanto que Parlamento legítimo— y el Consejo Presidencial y Gobierno de Acuerdo Nacional de Trípoli. Las Naciones Unidas siguen apoyando el diálogo entre ambos.
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There are flashy looking big fast-food outlets in Tripoli. These are not quite the multinationals, but a close copy of them. They are springing up in the Gargaresh Road area, a big shopping area in the western suburbs of Tripoli.
Try one of the best local catch fish named "werata" grilled or baked with local herbs and spices.
Tea is the most common drink in Libya. Green tea and "red" tea are served almost everywhere from small cups, usually sweetened. Mint is sometimes mixed in with the tea, especially after meals.
Coffee is traditionally served Turkish style: strong, from small cups, no cream. Most coffee shops in the larger cities have espresso machines that will make espresso, cappuccino, and such. Quality varies, so ask locals for the best one around.
Alcohol is banned in Libya, though it is readily available through a local black market (anything from whisky to beer to wine). Penalties for unlawful purchase can be quite stiff.
thumb|Tripoli at night
Major cities have a range of accommodations available, from shabby hotels to 4-star establishments. Prices vary accordingly.
In Tripoli, there are a couple of international-standard hotels: the Radisson Blu opened in 2009/2010 and offer excellent accommodations and services, while the older Corinthia Hotel, is located adjacent to the old city (The Medina or "Al Souq Al Qadeem"). Other hotels are Bab-Al-Bahr, Al-Kabir, and El-Mahari.
Manara Hotel, a tidy 4-star hotel in Jabal Akhdir, east of Benghazi, is next to the ancient Greek ruins of Appolonia Port.
While it seems to be diminishing with the arrival of more tourists every year, Libyans have a strong tradition of taking travellers into their own homes and lavishing hospitality on them. This is certainly true in smaller towns and villages.
There are several good hotels in Tripoli's Dhahra area, near the church like Marhaba hotel.
Youth Hostels, associated with the IYH Federation (HI), are available. Please contact the Libyan Youth Hostel Association, .
The security situation in Libya is fragile and unpredictable. Although some have been brave enough to enter and leave the country without any difficulties, anything can happen in this politically unstable nation.
Prior to the fall of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Libya had an excellent health care system. However, the civil wars that soon followed badly damaged and devastated that system. Many hospitals are in a state of disrepair and there's a shortage of medical supplies and staff.
Good quality healthcare facilities can be found in major cities such as Tripoli.
Medical care in the most remote parts of Libya is virtually non-existent.
Even if you have travel health insurance it may not be valid in the country. It's advisable to check in advance with your insurer.
Much of what is considered good manners in the Arab world is applicable to Libya.
Libyans are indirect communicators. They are tempered by the need to save face and protect their honour and they will avoid saying anything that could be construed as judgemental or negative. One's point is expressed in a roundabout way.
Never beckon a Libyan person directly, even if they've done something wrong in your opinion. Libyans in general are non-confrontational by nature and can be rather sensitive to strong, harsh comments. Under Libyan law, if you are thought to have defamed someone or violated the honour or reputation of someone, you can be taken to court. What exactly counts as "defamation" and "violating someone's honour" is open-ended and subjective, but simply put, refrain from making strong comments about people, even if your perspective happens to be true.
Respect for elders is important in Libya. You are expected to act politely around someone older than you, and it would be seen as rude manners if you attempt to challenge someone older than you. It's commonly expected for the senior-most person to make decisions in the business world. If you come across someone who is older than you, give up your seat on public transportation for them. If you're waiting for a taxi, allow someone older to take your spot. If you're in a business meeting, stand up to greet the senior person. If you've been invited to a Libyan home, greet the elders first.
Libyans take relationships very …
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