File:Malacostraca_collage_2x3.png · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Also known as malacostracans, malacostracan
Malacostraca is the second largest of the six classes of pancrustaceans behind insects, containing about 40,000 living species, divided among 16 orders. Its members, the malacostracans, display a great diversity of body forms and include crabs, lobsters, spiny lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, prawns, isopods, amphipods, mantis shrimp, and many other less familiar animals. They are abundant in all marine environments and have colonised freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are segmented animals, united by a common body plan comprising 20 body segments (rarely 21), and divided into a head,
Malacostraca is the second-largest class of pancrustaceans (after insects), containing about 40,000 living species including crabs, lobsters, shrimp, krill, and many other creatures that live in oceans, freshwater, and on land. These segmented animals share a common body structure of 20 segments and are remarkably diverse in form, making them among the most abundant animals in marine environments worldwide.
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Malacostraca
CLASS
软甲纲(学名:Malacostraca),又稱甲殼綱,是节肢动物门甲壳亚门中的一个纲,是这个亚门中物种数量最多的纲。这个纲中包括人们很熟悉的动物如十足目(如螃蟹、龙虾、虾等)、蝦蛄、磷虾等。它还包括物种数量众多的端足目以及唯一的一个主要生存在陆地上的甲壳类动物等足目动物(如鼠妇等)。这个纲共有2.2万多个物种,占所有甲壳亚门的三分之二,所有比较大型的甲壳动物均属于这个纲。软甲纲最早出现于寒武纪。 近年来对甲壳亚门的分类的讨论有争议,有些学者将软甲纲看作纲,有些则将它看作是一个亚纲。 形态 软甲纲的特征包括: 身体一般由21个体节组成。 头分六节,有两对触角,一对大顎及两对小顎。 胸部分八节,其前数对的足常特化为颚足。 腹部共有六个腹节,其腹足往往被用来游泳。 拥有复眼,位于杆上或者固定。 胃分两腔。 拥有集中的神经系统。 分类 以下为洛杉矶自然历史博物馆的两位学者(马丁与戴维斯)给出的分类:[1] 软甲纲(Malacostraca) 叶虾亚纲(Phyllocarida) 古介形虫目(Archaeostraca),已灭绝 Hoplostraca,已灭绝 加拿大虫目(Canadaspidida),已灭绝 膜蝦蟲目(Hymenostraca),已灭绝 薄甲目(Leptostraca) 掠蝦亞綱(Hoplocarida) 口足目(Stomatopoda) 真软甲亚纲(Eumalacostraca) 原虾总目(Syncarida) 古虾目(Palaeocaridacea),已灭绝 地虾目(Bathynellacea) 山虾目(Anaspidacea) 囊虾总目(Peracarida) 盲虾目(Spelaeogriphacea) 温步目(Thermosbaenacea) 疣背糠虾目(Lophogastrida) 糠虾目(Mysida) 混足目(Mictacea) 端足目(Amphipoda) 等足目(Isopoda) 原足目(Tanaidacea) 涟虫目(Cumacea) 真虾总目(Eucarida) 磷虾目(Euphausiacea) 异虾目(Amphionides) 十足目(Decapoda) 参考 ^ Joel W. Martin and George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001. 外部链接存在于|title= (帮助) 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=软甲纲&oldid=53109561” 分类: 甲殼亞門 軟甲綱 隐藏分类: 物种微格式条目 含有拉丁語的條目 引文格式1错误:外部链接
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Malacostraca is the second largest of the six classes of pancrustaceans behind insects, containing about 40,000 living species, divided among 16 orders. Its members, the malacostracans, display a great diversity of body forms and include crabs, lobsters, spiny lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, krill, prawns, isopods, amphipods, mantis shrimp, and many other less familiar animals. They are abundant in all marine environments and have colonised freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are segmented animals, united by a common body plan comprising 20 body segments (rarely 21), and divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen.
==Etymology== The name Malacostraca is . The word was used by Aristotle, who contrasted them with oysters, in comparison with which their shells are pliable.
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