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scandium

Also known as Sc, element 21, 21Sc

Scandium is a chemical element; it has symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It is a silvery-white metallic element found in the d-block of the periodic table. Usually, it is classified as a rare-earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanides. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.

OverviewAI-generated

Scandium is a chemical element with the symbol Sc and atomic number 21. It has a mass of 44.955907 and an electronegativity of 1.36. The element typically exhibits an oxidation state of 3 and an ionic radius of 0.87. Its electron configuration is described as [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² or 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s².

The substance melts at 1540.85 and boils at 2836.85. It is referenced by 735 other encyclopedia articles. In chemical databases, it is identified by the PubChem CID 23952 and has a molecular weight of 44.95591. The element has zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, with a topological polar surface area of 0. Scientific literature regarding scandium includes 2466 records in PubMed.

Synthesized by Vinony from 27 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubMed, PubChem, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Sc
Molecular weight: 44.95591 g/mol
IUPAC name: scandium
SMILES: [Sc]
InChIKey: SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

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Research

2,466 papers

via PubMed

~14 min read

Encyclopedic overview

20 sections

Contents

Properties
Chemical characteristics
Isotopes
Occurrence
Production
Compounds
Oxides and hydroxides
Halides and pseudohalides
Organic derivatives
Uncommon oxidation states
History
Applications
Aluminium alloys
Light sources
Other
Health and safety
Notes
References
Further reading
External links

Scandium is present in most of the deposits of rare-earth and uranium compounds, but it is extracted from these ores in only a few mines worldwide. Because of the low availability and difficulties in the preparation of metallic scandium, which was first done in 1937, applications for scandium were not developed until the 1970s, when the positive effects of scandium on aluminium alloys were discovered. Its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is 15–20 tonnes per year.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “scandium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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scandium