Umar ibn Al-Khattāb
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
AI overview
Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second leader of the early Islamic state, ruling from 634 to 644 until his assassination, and he is historically significant as a close companion and relative of the prophet Muhammad. His decade-long leadership came after the first caliph Abu Bakr and established him as an important figure in early Islamic history.
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Person
- Born
- 0586-00-00
- Died
- 0644-00-00
via Open Library + Wikidata
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Article
38 sectionsContents
- Early life
- Early military career
- Opposition to Islam
- Conversion to Islam and service under Muhammad
- Migration to Medina
- Life in Medina
- Death of Muhammad
- Foundation of the caliphate
- Abu Bakr's era
- Appointment as a caliph
- Caliphate
- Political and civil administration
- Canals
- Reforms
- Visit to Jerusalem in 637
- The Conquest of Jerusalem (637)
- Military expansion
- Great famine
- Great plague
- Welfare state
- Free trade
- Assassination
- Aftermath
- Physical appearance
- Assessments and legacy
- Political legacy
- Military legacy
- Religious legacy
- Sunni views
- Shia views
- Family
- Wives
- Sons
- Daughters
- See also
- Notes
- References
- Bibliography
Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Initially, Umar opposed Muhammad, who was his distant Qurayshite kinsman. However, after converting to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. He participated in nearly all of Muhammad's battles and expeditions, and Muhammad conferred upon him the title al-Fārūq ("the Distinguisher") for his sound judgement. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph and served as his chief adviser. In 634, shortly before his death, Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.