Encyclopedia of Life · EOL (see source)
Alphavirus
Also known as alphavirus genus
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. There are 32 alphavirus species, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates. Alphaviruses that can infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred to as dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vecto
Species
GENUS
- KingdomViruses
- PhylumKitrinoviricota
- ClassAlsuviricetes
- OrderMartellivirales
- FamilyTogaviridae
Habitatmarine
Observations recorded3,721
Alphavirus (früher: Arbovirus A) ist eine Virus-Gattung der Togaviridae. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Eigenschaften 2 Systematik 3 Literaturquellen 4 Einzelnachweise Eigenschaften In diese Gattung sind etwa 20 umhüllte und positiv-einzelsträngige RNA-Viren mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 60 bis 70 Nanometer eingeordnet. Die Virushülle besitzt charakteristische Spikes aus Glykoproteinen. Sie vermehren sich im Cytoplasma und die Nukleinsäure allein ist infektiös. Alphaviren kommen weltweit vor. Die Krankheitserreger werden vor allem durch Stechmücken (z. B. Anopheles) übertragen (daher der alte Name Arbovirus). Alphaviren können beim Menschen endemisch, epidemisch und sporadische Erkrankungen hervorrufen. Dabei überwiegen gutartige fieberhafte Infekte, die zum Teil mit Exanthem und Gelenkentzündung (Polyarthritis) einhergehen. Bei Tieren kommen aber auch tödliche Erkrankungen mit Beteiligung des Zentralnervensystems vor, wie die Enzephalomyelitiden der Pferde, deren Krankheitsbilder zu den anzeigepflichtigen Tierseuchen gehören. Systematik Die hier wiedergegebene Systematik ist eine herkömmliche Klassifizierung einiger Vertreter nach Wirten und Krankheitssymptomen. Für eine taxonomische System
~17 min read
Article
15 sectionsContents
- Genome
- Structural proteins
- Nonstructural proteins
- Virology
- Evolution
- Taxonomy
- Notes
- Pathogenesis and immune response
- Diagnosis, prevention, and control
- Use of alphaviruses for gene therapy and vaccination
- History
- See also
- Sources
- References
- External links
Alphavirus is a genus of RNA viruses, the sole genus in the Togaviridae family. Alphaviruses belong to group IV of the Baltimore classification of viruses, with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. There are 32 alphavirus species, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates. Alphaviruses that can infect both vertebrates and arthropods are referred to as dual-host alphaviruses, while insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus and Yada yada virus are restricted to their competent arthropod vector. Transmission between species and their vertebrate hosts (including human) occurs mainly via mosquitoes, making the alphaviruses a member of the collection of arboviruses – or arthropod-borne viruses. Alphavirus particles are enveloped, have a 70 nm diameter, tend to be spherical (although slightly pleomorphic), and have a 40 nm isometric nucleocapsid.
==Genome==