Henipavirus
Sign in to saveHenipavirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing five established species, and numerous others still under study. Henipaviruses are naturally harboured by several species of small mammals, notably pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes), microbats of several species, and shrews. Henipaviruses are characterised by long genomes and a wide host range. Their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans is a cause of concern.
Species
GENUS
- KingdomViruses
- PhylumNegarnaviricota
- ClassMonjiviricetes
- OrderMononegavirales
- FamilyParamyxoviridae
亨尼巴病毒属（學名：Henipavirus），包括尼帕病毒（又译尼巴病毒、立百病毒）（Nipah virus）和亨德拉病毒（Hendra Virus，HeV）。 1999年於東南亞被發現的會引發立百腦炎的新型病毒，也會造成人類和其他動物（尤其以豬隻為主）交叉感染，嚴重的可引致死亡，致死率達40%。 亨尼巴病毒屬於一種核糖核酸病毒的属，被歸類在副黏液病毒科單股反鏈病毒目，目前已知有五種病毒。结构与同科的副黏病毒（如仙台病毒SeV）、麻疹病毒（MeV）类似，与呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、偏肺病毒（MPV）和腮腺炎病毒（MuV）稍有不同。 基因组表达的蛋白主要有N（核蛋白）、P（磷蛋白）、M（基质蛋白）、F（融合蛋白）、H（即糖蛋白G）、L（RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶），此外，P的基因框内可以通过内部翻译位点和特殊转录可以产生不同的多肽，包括V和C。病毒表面为G和F蛋白，脂质双分子层下有基质蛋白M，内部的病毒基因组由负链RNA（-ssRNA），上面包裹着N、P和L。G蛋白介导病毒与细胞受体结合（黏附），F蛋白介导病毒脂质膜与细胞膜的融合，从而释放病毒基因组进入细胞质。 EphrinB2是Eph B类酪氨酸激酶受体的膜结合配体，可以特异性结合NiV的G蛋白，进而介导NiV进入细胞。EphrinB2表达于神经元细胞、血管内皮细胞。与NiV的组织嗜性相吻合。同时EphrinB2的序列在哺乳动物中很保守，这也可能是很多哺乳动物都对NiV敏感的原因。而且，后续发现EphrinB3也有介导病毒入胞的功能。 立百病毒通常是由狐蝠科狐蝠屬及小蝙蝠攜帶而傳播，被歸在長基因組，宿主範圍廣泛，而且近期多以能夠引起人畜共通傳染病感染的病原體出現，使家畜與人類患病甚至致死。 2009年，在迦納的黃毛果蝠（英语：Eidolon helvum）身上發現RNA三種新病毒序列，在親緣演化上被認定為立百病毒，這些在澳洲及亞洲外的新型病毒顯示立百病毒可能是全球性的，這些非洲立百病毒正緩慢地演化出地區特性。 2018年5月，這病毒在印度喀拉拉邦蔓延，死者據報導是因為吃了在門前撿拾的水果，而該水果據推測曾被感染病毒的蝙蝠咬過，因而帶有蝙蝠的唾液。截至2018年5月23日 (2018-05-23)[update]，已有10人死亡。
via GBIF
Research
1,512 papers- Langya henipavirus outbreak.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2023
- Henipavirus infection of the central nervous system.Pathogens and disease · 2019
- Pseudotyped Virus for Henipavirus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023
- Animal Models for Henipavirus Research.Viruses · 2023
- Structural Studies of Henipavirus Glycoproteins.Viruses · 2024
via PubMed
Article
9 sectionsContents
- Structure
- Genome
- Life cycle
- Vaccine
- Causes of emergence
- Taxonomy
- See also
- References
- External links
Henipavirus is a genus of negative-strand RNA viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales containing five established species, and numerous others still under study. Henipaviruses are naturally harboured by several species of small mammals, notably pteropid fruit bats (flying foxes), microbats of several species, and shrews. Henipaviruses are characterised by long genomes and a wide host range. Their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans is a cause of concern.
In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known henipaviruses were detected in African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Ghana. The finding of these novel henipaviruses outside Australia and Asia indicates that the region of potential endemicity of henipaviruses may be worldwide. These African henipaviruses are slowly being characterised.