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Also known as HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid

HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent. It is one of the twenty Good's buffers. HEPES is widely used in cell culture, largely because it is better at maintaining physiological pH despite changes in carbon dioxide concentration (produced by aerobic respiration) when compared to bicarbonate buffers, which are also commonly used in cell culture. Lepe-Zuniga et al. reported an unwanted photochemical process wherein HEPES catalyzes a reaction with riboflavin when exposed to ambient light to produce hydrogen peroxide. This is not a