File:Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
partial pressure
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It sits within the topics Distillation, Engineering thermodynamics and Equilibrium chemistry.
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Encyclopedic overview
The atmospheric pressure is roughly equal to the sum of partial pressures of constituent gases – oxygen, nitrogen, argon, water vapor, carbon dioxide, etc.
In a mixture of gases, each constituent gas has a partial pressure which is the notional pressure of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture (Dalton's Law). Partial pressure can be highlighted with a thought experiment using semipermeable pistons, as underlined by Boltzmann, Gibbs and Planck.
Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “partial pressure” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.