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(RS)-ketamine

File:Ketamine2DCSD.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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(RS)-ketamine

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Also known as DL-ketamine, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone, 2-(methylamino)-2-(2-chlorophenyl)cyclohexanone, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone, (+-)-ketamine, special K, Special K

Ketamine is a cyclohexanone-derived general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with analgesic and hallucinogenic properties, used medically for anesthesia, depression, and pain management. Ketamine exists as its two enantiomers, S- (esketamine) and R- (arketamine), and has antidepressant action likely involving other mechanisms in addition to NMDA antagonism.

AI overview

(RS)-ketamine is a mixture of two mirror-image forms of the anesthetic drug ketamine, which works by blocking a type of brain receptor called NMDA and has pain-relieving and mood-lifting effects. It's used medically for anesthesia, treating depression, and managing pain, though scientists believe its antidepressant benefits involve more than just its main mechanism of action.

AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.

Key facts

Drug.C
13
Drug.Watchedfields
changed
Drug.verifiedrevid
477168837
Drug.image
Ketamine2DCSD.svg
Drug.image_class
skin-invert-image
Drug.width
150px
Drug.image2
S-ketamine-from-HCl-xtal-3D-balls.png
Drug.image_class2
bg-transparent
Drug.width2
175px
Drug.alt2
(S)-Ketamine ball-and-stick model
Drug.tradename
Ketalar, others
Drug.DailyMedID
Ketamine
Drug.pregnancy_AU
B3
Drug.addiction_liability
Moderate–high
Drug.routes_of_administration
Any
Drug.class
NMDA receptor antagonist; general anesthetic; dissociative hallucinogen; analgesic; antidepressant
Drug.ATC_prefix
N01
Drug.ATC_suffix
AX03

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula
C13H16ClNO
Molecular weight
237.72 g/mol
IUPAC name
2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexan-1-one
SMILES
CNC1(CCCCC1=O)C2=CC=CC=C2Cl
InChIKey
YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP
2.2
Polar surface area
29.1 Ų
H-bond donors
1
H-bond acceptors
2
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

~33 min read

Encyclopedic overview

30 sections
Contents
  • Medical uses
  • Anesthesia
  • Pain
  • Depression
  • Seizures
  • Asthma
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Liver toxicity and urologic disease
  • Near-death experience
  • Addiction and tolerance
  • Brain damage
  • Interactions
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Mechanism of action
  • Molecular targets
  • Relationships between levels and effects
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Chemistry
  • Structure
  • Detection
  • History
  • Society and culture
  • Legal status
  • Recreational use
  • Research
  • Veterinary uses
  • References
  • External links

Ketamine is a cyclohexanone-derived general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with analgesic and hallucinogenic properties, used medically for anesthesia, depression, and pain management. Ketamine exists as its two enantiomers, S- (esketamine) and R- (arketamine), and has antidepressant action likely involving other mechanisms in addition to NMDA antagonism.

At anesthetic doses, ketamine induces a state of dissociative anesthesia, a trance-like state providing pain relief, sedation, and amnesia. Its distinguishing features as an anesthetic are preserved breathing and airway reflexes, stimulated heart function with increased blood pressure, and moderate bronchodilation. As an anesthetic, it is used especially in trauma, emergency, and pediatric cases. At lower, sub-anesthetic doses, it is used as a treatment for pain and treatment-resistant depression.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “(RS)-ketamine” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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