Vespidae
Sign in to savethumb|right|Palaeovespa florissantia, late [[Eocene]]
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Vespidae is a family of wasps that has existed since at least the late Eocene period, as evidenced by fossil species like *Palaeovespa florissantia*. These wasps are important to study because their long evolutionary history helps scientists understand how insects have changed over millions of years.
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Species
FAMILY
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumArthropoda
- ClassInsecta
- OrderHymenoptera
- FamilyVespidae
亞科 蜾蠃亞科 Eumeninae Euparagiinae Masarinae Polistinae Stenogastrinae Vespinae 胡蜂科（Vespidae）是膜翅目胡蜂總科下的一個大科，其下有將近五千種生物，既有群居的蜂；也有獨居的蜂。其下的多種生物都是花粉的傳播者[1]。 胡蜂科下的馬蜂亞科（Polistinae）和胡蜂亞科（Vespinae）全部是群居性生物，而蜾蠃亞科、Euparagiinae和Masarinae與之完全相反，全部是獨居生物。只有狭腹胡蜂亚科的生物二者兼具。 馬蜂亞科和胡蜂亞科的生物並不直接取用獵物，而是在將其餵給幼蟲後食用幼蟲排出的含有高氨基酸的液體[2]。 参考文献 ^ Sühs, R.B.; Somavilla, A.; Putzke, J.; Köhler, A. 2009.Pollen vector wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biosciences 7, n. 2, p. 138-143. ^ Hunt, J. H., I. Baker, and H. G. Baker. 1982. Similarity of amino acids in nectar and larval saliva: the nutritional basis for trophallaxis in social wasps. Evolution 36: 1318-1322 外部連結 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：胡蜂科 Evolutionary history of social behavior in Vespids Stunning photographs of Vespidae (and other insects) in flight Vespidae: Potter wasps; vespid wasps; social wasps; hornets; paper wasps; yellowjackets 取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=胡蜂科&oldid=52118873” 分类：胡蜂科 隐藏分类：本地相关图片与维基数据不同
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thumb|right|Palaeovespa florissantia, late [[Eocene]]
The Vespidae are a large (nearly 5000 species), diverse, cosmopolitan family of wasps, including nearly all the eusocial wasps (such as Polistes fuscatus, Vespa orientalis, and Vespula germanica) and many solitary wasps. Each social wasp colony includes a queen and a number of female workers with varying degrees of sterility relative to the queen. In temperate social species, colonies usually last only one year, dying at the onset of winter. New queens and males (drones) are produced towards the end of the summer, and after mating, the queens hibernate over winter in cracks or other sheltered locations. The nests of most species are constructed out of mud, but polistines and vespines use plant fibers, chewed to form a sort of paper (also true of some stenogastrines). Many species are pollen vectors contributing to the pollination of several plants, being potential or even effective pollinators, while others are notable predators of pest insect species, and a few species are invasive pests.