File:Vombatus_ursinus_-Maria_Island_National_Park.jpg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons
Vombatidae
Also known as wombat family, wombats, wombat
Wombats are short-legged, muscular quadrupedal marsupials of the family Vombatidae that are native to Australia. Living species are about in length with small, stubby tails and weigh between . They are adaptable and habitat tolerant, and are found in forested, mountainous, and heathland areas of southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania, as well as an isolated patch of about in Epping Forest National Park in central Queensland.
AI overview
Vombatidae is the family of wombats, short-legged, muscular marsupials native to Australia that are known for their compact bodies and small stubby tails. These adaptable animals are found across various habitats in southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania and a remote area in central Queensland, making them an important part of Australia's unique wildlife.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Species
Vombatidae
FAMILY
- KingdomAnimalia
- PhylumChordata
- ClassMammalia
- OrderDiprotodontia
- FamilyVombatidae
Observations recorded131,694
本条目部分链接不符合格式手冊規範。跨語言链接及章節標題等處的链接可能需要清理。（2015年12月12日） 請協助改善此條目。參見WP:LINKSTYLE、WP:MOSIW以了解細節。突出显示跨语言链接可以便于检查。 提示：本条目的主题不是树袋熊。 屬 袋熊屬 Vombatus 毛鼻袋熊屬 Lasiorhinus †Rhizophascolomus †大袋熊屬 Phascolonus †Warendja †拉氏袋熊屬 Ramasayia 袋熊，即袋熊科（英语：Wombat，学名：Vombatidae），是澳洲的有袋類动物。牠們的腳短及肌肉發達，身長約有1米，尾巴亦很短。牠們生活於澳洲東南部及塔斯馬尼亞州的森林、山地及石楠地。 目录 1 特徵 1.1 生態及行為 2 演化 3 物種 4 與人類的關係 5 參考 6 外部連結 特徵 袋熊會以其类似齧齒目动物的牙齒及強壯的爪來挖巢穴。雖然牠們主要是黎明、白天及黃昏活動的，但仍會在夜間或寒冷的日子出來攝食。牠們並非容易看見的動物，但所到之處都可以看到牠們留下的證據。 袋熊是草食性的，主要以草、莎草科、香草、樹皮及樹根為食物。牠們的門齒有點像齧齒目的，可以用來咬粗糙的樹，或挖洞穴。就像其他的草食性動物一樣，牠們的門齒與頰齒之間有很大的縱裂。另外，牠們的糞便是方形的 ，但生物學家還不是很清楚方形的排泄物的形成原因，一般推測是跟領地有關。 澳洲野犬及袋獾會獵食袋熊。袋熊的毛皮顏色各有不同，一般由沙色至褐色，或灰色至黑色不等。所有其下的物種都約只有1米長，重20-35公斤。 雌性袋熊經過26-28日的妊娠期後，會在春天會產下一頭幼袋熊。牠們有良好發育的育幼袋，可保護幼袋熊6-7個月。袋熊在出生後15個月會斷奶，在18個月會達至性成熟。[2] 生態及行為 袋熊的新陳代謝非常的慢，差不多要用14天的時間來完成消化，這有助於生活在乾燥的環境。[2]牠們一般行動得很慢，但當遇上危害時，逃走速度可以達40km/h，並維持達90秒。袋熊會保護由其巢穴為中心的疆界，對入侵者存有攻擊性。塔斯馬尼亞袋熊的疆界達23公頃，而毛鼻袋熊屬的則不多於4公頃。[2] 當受到攻擊時，袋熊會發揮巨大的抵抗力。例如當牠受到地底下的掠食者攻擊時，牠會破壞地底隧道，令掠食者窒息。牠主要的防禦是靠身體後部以軟骨組成的結構。連同不怎麼長的尾巴，可以避免在逃走入隧道時被掠食者攻擊尾部。 有趣的是袋熊是所有有袋類動物裡袋子開口唯一朝後的，避免在挖地洞時泥土跑進袋中影響小袋熊。 演化 袋熊是屬於雙門齒目。牠們的祖先於5500-2600萬年前開始演化。在進入冰河時期前共有11個物種生成，當中幾類的體型像犀牛（如雙門齒獸），是有袋類中最大的。最早的澳洲原住民到達時正值雙門齒獸最為普遍的時期，這類動物的滅絕可能是被獵殺、失去棲息地等原因所造成。 物種 袋熊現存的只有三個物種：[1
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~17 min read
Article
13 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Evolution and taxonomy
- Characteristics
- Ecology and behaviour
- Species
- Human relations
- History
- Attacks on humans
- Cultural significance
- Conservation
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Wombats are short-legged, muscular quadrupedal marsupials of the family Vombatidae that are native to Australia. Living species are about in length with small, stubby tails and weigh between . They are adaptable and habitat tolerant, and are found in forested, mountainous, and heathland areas of southern and eastern Australia, including Tasmania, as well as an isolated patch of about in Epping Forest National Park in central Queensland.
==Etymology== The name "wombat" comes from the now nearly extinct Dharug language spoken by the aboriginal Dharug people, who originally inhabited the Sydney area. It was first recorded in January 1798, when John Price and James Wilson, Europeans who had adopted aboriginal ways, visited the area of what is now Bargo, New South Wales. Price wrote: "We saw several sorts of dung of different animals, one of which Wilson called a 'Whom-batt', which is an animal about high, with short legs and a thick body with a large head, round ears, and very small eyes; is very fat, and has much the appearance of a badger." Wombats were often called badgers by early settlers because of their size and habits. Because of this, localities such as Badger Creek, Victoria, and Badger Corner, Tasmania, were named after the wombat. The spelling went through many variants over the years, including "wambat", "whombat", "womat", "wombach", and "womback", possibly reflecting dialectal differences in the Darug language.