Genes

In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During gene expression (the synthesis of RNA or protein from a gene), DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for the synthesis of a protein.

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, that regulates large-scale anatomical features in the early stages of embryonic development. Mutations in a homeobox may change large-scale anatomical features of the full-grown organism.

series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor

genes regulating the development of anatomical structures in various organisms

A cistron is a region of DNA that is conceptually equivalent to some definitions of a gene, such that the terms are synonymous from certain viewpoints, especially with regard to the molecular gene as contrasted with the Mendelian gene. The question of which scope of a subset of DNA (that is, how large a segment of DNA) constitutes a unit of selection is the question that governs whether cistrons are the same thing as genes. The word cistron is used to emphasize that molecular genes exhibit a specific behavior in a complementation test (cis-trans test); distinct positions (or loci) within a gen

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

occurrence in an interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes

The MADS box is a conserved sequence motif. The genes which contain this motif are called the MADS-box gene family. The MADS box encodes the DNA-binding MADS domain. The MADS domain binds to DNA sequences of high similarity to the motif CC[A/T]6GG termed the CArG-box. MADS-domain proteins are generally transcription factors. The length of the MADS-box reported by various researchers varies somewhat, but typical lengths are in the range of 168 to 180 base pairs, i.e. the encoded MADS domain has a length of 56 to 60 amino acids. There is evidence that the MADS domain evolved from a sequence stre

gene which maintains basic cellular functions

spatial arrangement of genes on a chromosome

class of artificial enzymes

DNA recombination process that results in the unidirectional transfer of genetic material from a donor sequence to a highly homologous acceptor

Protein of the immune system

Beclin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BECN1 gene. Beclin-1 is a mammalian ortholog of the yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg6)  and BEC-1 in the C. elegans nematode. This protein interacts with either BCL-2 or PI3k class III, playing a critical role in the regulation of both autophagy and cell death.

protein of the immune system

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

gene located in the cell nucleus of a eukaryote

gene whose sequence partially overlaps the reading frame of another gene

H2A histone family member X (usually abbreviated as H2AX) is a type of histone protein from the H2A family encoded by the H2AFX gene. An important phosphorylated form is γH2AX (S139), which forms when double-strand breaks appear.

gene that shows rapid and transient expression in the absence of de novo protein synthesis

BPI fold containing family B, member 4 (BPIFB4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB4 gene. It was formerly known as "Long palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 4" encoded by the LPLUNC4 gene. The BPIFB4 gene sequence predicts 4 transcripts (splice variants); 3 isoforms have been well characterized. In a variety of mammals, BPIFB4 is generally expressed in very high levels in the olfactory epithelium (nasal mucosa), high levels in the gonads (testis, ovary) and pituitary, moderate levels in white blood cells (monocytes) It can occur either localized in t

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Lin-28 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN28B gene. Lin28 is a gene found in both invertebrates and vertebrates, from worms to humans, where it regulates the timing of development from fertilization to adulthood.

thumb|right|Escherichia coli|E. coli, the bacterium in which MCR-1 was first identified. The mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene confers plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, one of a number of last-resort antibiotics for treating Gram-negative infections. mcr-1, the original variant, is capable of horizontal transfer between different strains of a bacterial species. After discovery in November 2015 in E. coli (strain SHP45) from a pig in China it has been found in Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae. , it has b

ASH1L (also called huASH1, ASH1, ASH1L1, ASH1-like, or KMT2H) is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme encoded by the ASH1L gene located at chromosomal band 1q22. ASH1L is the human homolog of Drosophila Ash1 (absent, small, or homeotic-like).

Double homeobox, 4 also known as DUX4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DUX4 gene. Its misexpression is the cause of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD).

a gene considered to mark a biological class (e.g. cell type)

Zinc finger, DHHC-type containing 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZDHHC14 gene.

number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism

gene causing apoptosis

SLX4 interacting protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLX4IP gene.

Lactamase, beta 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LACTB2 gene.

Fatty acid binding protein 9, testis is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FABP9 gene.

Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 28 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTC28 gene.

BPI fold-containing family B member 1 (BPIFB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BPIFB1 gene. BPIFB1 is a secreted protein, expressed at very high levels in mucosa of the airways (respiratory and olfactory epithelium) and salivary glands, and at moderate levels in the digestive tract (tongue, stomach, intestinal epithelium) and pancreas.

CCR4-NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNOT4 gene.

Proline rich 35 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRR35 gene.

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3), also known as proline-rich synapse-associated protein 2 (ProSAP2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHANK3 gene on chromosome 22. Additional isoforms have been described for this gene but they have not yet been experimentally verified.

Thioredoxin, mitochondrial also known as thioredoxin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXN2 gene on chromosome 22. This nuclear gene encodes a mitochondrial member of the thioredoxin family, a group of small multifunctional redox-active proteins. The encoded protein may play important roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and in protection against oxidant-induced apoptosis.

Family with sequence similarity 13, member C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM13C gene.

FAST kinase domain-containing protein 3 (FASTKD3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FASTKD3 gene on chromosome 5. This protein is part of the Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase domain (FASTKD) containing protein family, which is known for regulating the energy balance of mitochondria under stress.

Olfactory receptor family 4 subfamily F member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR4F5 gene.

Solute carrier family 8 (sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger), member B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC8B1 gene.

Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate-associated protein 1 (glutamate binding) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the GRINA gene.

Transmembrane protein 200A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM200A gene.

Small integral membrane protein 20 (SMIM20) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMIM20 gene. SMIM20 acts as a prohormone to the peptide hormone phoenixin (PNX) which was discovered for the first time in 2013 in rodent sensory ganglia. Two alternate cleavage sites within SMIM20 results in two different phoenixin products, Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) and Phoenixin-20 (PNX-20).

Family with sequence similarity 181, member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAM181A gene.

Tetratricopeptide repeat and ankyrin repeat containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRANK1 gene.

The COMMD3-BMI1 gene in humans encodes the COMMD3-BMI1 readthrough protein.

Synaptojanin 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNJ2 gene.

Interleukin 17 receptor D (also known as Sef) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL17RD gene.

Delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEGS2 gene.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USP19 gene.

Forkhead box Q1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXQ1 gene.

D4, zinc and double PHD fingers family 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPF1 gene.

Glutaredoxin 5, also known as GLRX5, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the GLRX5 gene located on chromosome 14. This gene encodes a mitochondrial protein, which is evolutionarily conserved. It is involved in the biogenesis of iron- sulfur clusters, which are required for normal iron homeostasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal recessive pyridoxine-refractory sideroblastic anemia.

CDKN2A, also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, is a gene which in humans is located at chromosome 9, band p21.3. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. The gene codes for two proteins, including the INK4 family member p16 (or p16INK4a) and p14arf. Both act as tumor suppressors by regulating the cell cycle. p16 inhibits cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and thereby activates the retinoblastoma (Rb) family of proteins, which block traversal from G1 to S-phase. p14ARF (known as p19ARF in the mouse) activates the p53 tumor suppressor. Somatic mutat

wiki-based collection of information related to human genes

Protein ETHE1, mitochondrial, also known as "ethylmalonic encephalopathy 1 protein" and "per sulfide dioxygenase", is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ETHE1 gene located on chromosome 19.