fluorine
Sign in to saveFluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light noble gases. In its elemental form it is highly toxic.
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Fluorine is a pale yellow gas and one of the most reactive chemical elements known, reacting with nearly everything except the lightest noble gases. Because of its extreme reactivity and toxicity in its pure form, fluorine is a powerful and potentially dangerous substance that requires careful handling.
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Article
49 sectionsContents
- Characteristics
- Electron configuration
- Reactivity
- Phases
- Isotopes
- Occurrence
- Universe
- Earth
- History
- Early discoveries
- Isolation
- Later uses
- Compounds
- Oxidation states
- Metals
- Hydrogen
- Other reactive nonmetals
- Noble gases
- Organic compounds
- Discrete molecules
- Polymers
- Production
- Industrial routes to F<sub>2</sub>
- Laboratory routes
- Industrial applications
- Inorganic fluorides
- Organic fluorides
- Refrigerant gases
- Polymers
- Surfactants
- Agrichemicals
- Medicinal applications
- Dental care
- Pharmaceuticals
- PET scanning
- Oxygen carriers
- Biological role
- Toxicity
- Hydrofluoric acid
- Fluoride ion
- Environmental concerns
- Atmosphere
- Biopersistence
- See also
- Notes
- Sources
- Citations
- Indexed references
- External links
Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at standard conditions as pale yellow diatomic gas. Fluorine is extremely reactive as it reacts with all other elements except for the light noble gases. In its elemental form it is highly toxic.
Among the elements, fluorine ranks 24th in cosmic abundance and 13th in crustal abundance. Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine, which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb meaning gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production. Industrial production of fluorine gas for uranium enrichment, its largest application, began during the Manhattan Project in World War II.